1. Chapter 10.1 Progressive Politicians
Reforming Government

3. Political Machines
Well-organized political parties that dominated local & state governments in the late 1800s & early 1900s – Ex: Tammany Hall in NYC
Both Democratic and Republican
Often catered to interest groups and big business
Ex: Lumber and Railroad Industries

4. Political Machines & Special Interest Groups
In return for favors like tax breaks, the machines received generous campaign contributions

5. The Millionaire’s Club
A term used to describe the US Senate in the 1890s
Widespread corruption
Many accepted bribes from lumber, railroad, and oil interests
Then put $ supporters’ interests above the interests of the people

6. The Progressive Goal
Reformers believed the only way to fix America – listen to the people
Must do away with political machines
4 Steps to Election Reform
Direct Primary Election
Seventeenth Amendment
Ballot Reform
Initiative and Recall

7. How does this plan conflict with Separation of Powers?
“Any change in the direction of providing a constitutional leadership in the legislature, responsible to the state as a whole, will be worthy of serious consideration. The plan of giving the governor himself this leadership is probably best, because thereby the serious disadvantages of separating the law-making function from the law-enforcing function will be seriously overcome…It is fair to inquire whether the blending of these two departments would not be in the direction of strengthening representative government, making it more responsive to the popular will and at the same time more efficient…Popular government promises to be increasingly more complicated and difficult and to call for a higher order of training on their par of the public’s representatives. It is a fair question whether the accomp-lishment of these important results would not be promoted by blending the Executive and Legislative Departments.”
How does this plan conflict with Separation of Powers?

8. Election Reform
Direct Primary - A nominating election in which voters choose the candidates who later run in a general election
17th Amendment - Changed the method of electing US senators from being elected by state legislators to being elected by the people

9. Election Reform (Continued)
Ballot Reform - Ballot went from public to secret so that intimidation could not be placed on voters
Initiative – 5 -15% of state pop. sign petition before legislation is placed on ballot
Recall – allows voters to remove an elected official from office by special election

10. Referendum Goes with initiative
If voters obtain specific # of signatures on petition
Legislation would be placed on the ballot to be voted upon

11. What does the vise in the cartoon symbolize?
How do the labels on the human figures help clarify the meaning of the cartoon?
What message is the cartoonist trying to communicate with this cartoon?
Why is the cartoon entitled “The Police Version of it”?

12. PROGRESSIVE POLITICIANS
CHAPTER 10
Please READ pp
ANSWER p.298 #1-3 AND p.302 #2