1. Demography

2. What is Demography ▪ Demography is the study of human population ▪ Demographers look at how and why populations grow or shrink.

3. Population Changes How populations grow, shrink, and change

4. Another thing human geographers like to look at is… …….how populations grow and change, and WHY ▪ To do this, they look at things like: – Birth Rate – Death Rate – Natural Increase Rate – Immigration Rate – Emigration Rate – Net Migration Rate

5. Video about population changes…birth rate and death rate

6. What is Demography? ▪ Some of the topics looked at in Demography  Birth rate  Death rate  Immigration  Emigration  Population growth rate  Natural increase  Dependency load  migration

7. On an average day in Canada there are…. 1050 births per day 690 deaths per day 769 immigrants per day 135 emigrants per day

8. So that means….. …. on an average day there will be 836 more people in Canada at the end of the day than there was at the beginning of it

9. Birth Rate

10. ▪ The number of births per year per 1000 people. ▪ # of births / total population x 1000 = BR

11. ▪ 500 000/ 500 000 000 = 0.001 ▪ 0.001 x 1000 = 1 ▪ BR= 1 per 1000

12. Death Rate

13. ▪ The number of deaths per year per 1000 people. ▪ # of deaths / total population x 1000 = DR

14. ▪ 400 000/ 500 000 000= 0.0008 ▪ 0.0008 x 1000= 0.8 ▪ DR= 0.8 per 1000

15. Natural Increase Rate

16. ▪ The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country. ▪ Birth Rate- Death Rate= Natural Increase Rate

17. Natural Increase Rate ▪ BR= 1 ▪ DR= 0.8 ▪ BR-DR= 0.2 ▪ Natural Increase Rate= 0.2

18. Migration

19. ▪ the movement of people from one place to another

20. Types of Migration ▪ Immigration- occurs when people arrive in a new place. ▪ Emigration-occurs when people leave a place.

21. Immigration Rate ▪ Refers to the number of people per 1000 population in one year who immigrate ▪ # Immigrants per year/ population x 1000= Immigration Rate

22. Immigration Rate ▪ 25 000/ 75 000 000= 0.00033 ▪ 0.00033 x 1000= 0.33 ▪ IR= 0.33

23. Emigration Rate ▪ Refers to the number of people per 1000 population in one year who emigrate ▪ # Emigrants per year/ population x 1000= Emigration Rate

24. Emigration Rate ▪ 10 000/75 000 000= 0.00013 ▪ 0.00013 x 1000= 0.13 ▪ ER= 0.13

25. Net Migration ▪ difference of immigrants and emigrants of an area in a period of time, divided per 1,000 inhabitants

26. Net Migration Rate Immigration Rate- Emigration Rate= Net Migration Rate 0.33- 0.13 = 0.2

27. Population Growth Rate

28. ▪ amount that the population of a place is either increasing or decreasing over time.

29. Population Growth Rate ▪ So for a country’s total growth rate we look at both Natural Increase and Net Migration. ▪ Growth Rate= (Natural Increase Rate + Net Migration Rate)

30. Example Natural Increase Rate = 0.9% Net Migration Rate = 0.5% Growth Rate= 0.9% + 0.5% = 1.4%

31. ▪ Whether a country’s population is growing or declining has an enormous influence on the lives of the people. ▪ If a country’s population is growing you must consider issues with providing enough housing, education, healthcare, employment, etc. ▪ If a country’s population is declining there may be a shortage of workers and consumers to meet the needs of the country’s businesses.