1. Emotional Development Soothing and Infant Sleep

2. Infant Emotions Infants show anger, pain, and hunger by crying Infants show anger, pain, and hunger by crying Infants use crying as a means to express a need such as food, change of diaper, comfort Infants use crying as a means to express a need such as food, change of diaper, comfort Infants cannot establish between themselves and another Infants cannot establish between themselves and another Smiles early in life are a result of gas or a pleasant sound Smiles early in life are a result of gas or a pleasant sound At six weeks, infants will smile in response to people At six weeks, infants will smile in response to people

3. Infant Emotions By four months infants will smile at familiar adults and people and will recognize faces and voices By four months infants will smile at familiar adults and people and will recognize faces and voices

4. Emotional Development At 6-12 months babies will begin to respond to their name At 6-12 months babies will begin to respond to their name They begin to fear being left by their parents They begin to fear being left by their parents They get angry and frustrated when their needs are not met They get angry and frustrated when their needs are not met They begin to learn basic rules They begin to learn basic rules They begin to expect eye contact in place of constant physical contact They begin to expect eye contact in place of constant physical contact

5. Infant Sleep The average newborn sleeps most of the day and night, waking up only for feedings and diaper changes The average newborn sleeps most of the day and night, waking up only for feedings and diaper changes At first, many newborns will seem nocturnal- sleeping during the day and awake during the night hours At first, many newborns will seem nocturnal- sleeping during the day and awake during the night hours Changes in a baby’s sleeping patterns may stem from overstimulation or changes in development Changes in a baby’s sleeping patterns may stem from overstimulation or changes in development

6. Sleep States There are four sleep states for a newborn There are four sleep states for a newborn REM REM Non-REM Non-REM Stage 1 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 4

7. REM sleep Light sleep when dreams occur Light sleep when dreams occur Eyes move rapidly back and forth Eyes move rapidly back and forth Babies spend about 16 hours a day sleeping Babies spend about 16 hours a day sleeping 8 hours of this will be in REM sleep 8 hours of this will be in REM sleep

8. Non-REM sleep Stage 1- Drowsiness Stage 1- Drowsiness Eyes droop, open and close and dozing Eyes droop, open and close and dozing Stage 2- Light Sleep- Baby may startle to noise or move around Stage 2- Light Sleep- Baby may startle to noise or move around

9. Non-REM Sleep Stage 3- Deep sleep Stage 3- Deep sleep Baby is quiet and does not move Baby is quiet and does not move Stage 4- Very deep sleep Stage 4- Very deep sleep Baby is quiet and does not move Baby is quiet and does not move

10. Signs of Sleep Readiness Rubbing eyes Rubbing eyes Looking away Looking away Yawning Yawning Fussing Fussing

11. Sleep Tips Early to bed is LATE to rise Early to bed is LATE to rise Provide a comfortable environment for sleep Provide a comfortable environment for sleep Teaching self-soothing skills Teaching self-soothing skills

12. Sleep Position Baby should always be placed on their back to sleep Baby should always be placed on their back to sleep Sleeping on their back is recommended to reduce the risk of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) Sleeping on their back is recommended to reduce the risk of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)

13. SIDS Prevention Sleep baby on its back Sleep baby on its back Use a firm/hard mattress Use a firm/hard mattress All bedding should be tight fitting, not loose All bedding should be tight fitting, not loose Consider using a sleeper in place of blankets on colder nights Consider using a sleeper in place of blankets on colder nights Make sure the baby’s head is completely uncovered during sleep Make sure the baby’s head is completely uncovered during sleep Studies have shown a lower rate of SIDS in baby’s who use pacifiers Studies have shown a lower rate of SIDS in baby’s who use pacifiers

14. Co-sleeping Co-sleeping is also referred to as a family bed Co-sleeping is also referred to as a family bed Family beds include multiple members of the family sleeping in one bed Family beds include multiple members of the family sleeping in one bed This is particularly convenient if the mother is nursing This is particularly convenient if the mother is nursing Some cultures are more apt to have a co-sleeping set up Some cultures are more apt to have a co-sleeping set up

15. Dangers of Co-Sleeping Babies can roll off of beds that do not have rails Babies can roll off of beds that do not have rails Risk of SIDS is increased if any loose bedding is included Risk of SIDS is increased if any loose bedding is included

16. Soothing Parents can use many methods to sooth infants Parents can use many methods to sooth infants Allowing a child to suck a thumb or pacifier Allowing a child to suck a thumb or pacifier Touching soothing textures (satin backed blanket) Touching soothing textures (satin backed blanket) Rocking, swaying Rocking, swaying Repetitive noises such as (shh shh shh) Repetitive noises such as (shh shh shh) White noise White noise Vibrating chairs, swings, etc. Vibrating chairs, swings, etc. Music Music

17. Soothing It is important as babies get older, to encourage self- soothing practices It is important as babies get older, to encourage self- soothing practices The ability to self sooth will help infants sleep longer and allow them to put themselves to sleep without assistance The ability to self sooth will help infants sleep longer and allow them to put themselves to sleep without assistance Babies will transition from one method of self soothing to another Babies will transition from one method of self soothing to another Ex. Thumb sucking may transition to rubbing a blanket Ex. Thumb sucking may transition to rubbing a blanket

18. Application Please complete the Infant Sleep Log and Soothing Activity Please complete the Infant Sleep Log and Soothing Activity