1. What is Biotechnology? Chapter 1

2. 1.1 Biotechnology Introduction For centuries humans manipulate living organisms for desired characters Increased milk, meat or egg from cows and chicken Increased yield from plants Recently not only whole organisms but cells, molecules, tissues and organs Insulin made in bacteria cells to treat diabetics

3. 1.1 Biotechnology Definitions Large area…..Many definitions Technology based on biology used in agriculture, food science, medicine, and industry Modern techniques Recombinant DNA technology (rDNA)….cutting and recombining DNA molec. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)….copying short pieces of DNA Cloning….producing identical organisms

4. 1.1 Biotechnology Lab techniques Biology Chemistry Physics Mathematics Computer Skills

5. 1.2 Biotechnology Products Antibiotics Penicillin from penicillium sp Amoxicillin and carbenicillin…modification used to stop bacteria resistant to penicillin Plant extracts Medical and industrial products Rubber from rubber trees

6. 1.2 Biotechnology Bioengineered Products Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) Recombinant DNA inserted into cells to give new characteristics E.Coli bacteria 1 st GMO to produce human protein (human growth hormone, somatostain) 1 st GMP to be sold was Human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)

7. 1.2 Biotechnology Bioengineered Products t-PA A blood-clot- dissolving enzyme Used immediately after heart attack Clear blocked blood vessels Table 1.1 lists a variety of Biotech products

8. 1.2 Biotechnology Human Genome Project Completed Determining human DNA sequence on 23 chromosomes Further work ID all genes Determine their function

9. 1.3 Biotechnology Product Selection Ideas from Research teams and scientists Research and development (R&D) of a certain Biotech product Several years before marketing Effectiveness Large scale production If drug, clinical trials under FDA

10. 1.3 Biotechnology Product Selection If drug, avg.10-15 years (“product pipeline”) before marketing Recent example: Enzyme Pulmozyme by Genentech, Inc Used to manage genetic disorder, cystic fibrosis (CF) CF clogs respiratory and digestive systems with mucus Fatal by age 30 Patients life improves b/c Pulmozyme reduces amount of mucus produced

12. 1.4 Biotechnology Scientific Method in Research 1. Propose a testable scientific question Based on some information or observations 2. Develop a hypothesis 3. Plan a valid experiment Numerical data Replications Variable and control 4. Conduct exp. And collect data 5. Formulate a conclusion

13. Omit sections 1.5 and 1.6 Covered in another course

14. Homework 1 Due Thursday 8/30/07 Page 14, review questions 2 and 3 Page 19, review questions 1, 2 and 4 Page 23, review questions 2 and 4 Thinking like a biotechnician Questions 1, 2, and 7 This project is funded by a grant awarded under the President’s Community Based Job Training Grant as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration (CB-15-162-06-60). NCC is an equal opportunity employer and does not discriminate on the following basis: against any individual in the United States, on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age disability, political affiliation or belief; and against any beneficiary of programs financially assisted under Title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA), on the basis of the beneficiary’s citizenship/status as a lawfully admitted immigrant authorized to work in the United States, or his or her participation in any WIA Title I-financially assisted program or activity. This product was funded by a grant awarded under the President’s High Growth Job Training Initiative, as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment & Training Administration. The information contained in this product was created by a grantee organization and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. All references to non- governmental companies or organizations, their services, products, or resources are offered for informational purposes and should not be construed as an endorsement by the Department of Labor. This product is copyrighted by the institution that created it and is intended for individual organizational, non-commercial use only.