1. System Design Engineering of Technical Products KKS/ZKMA http://home.zcu.cz/~hosnedl/http://home.zcu.cz/~hosnedl/ b_ZKMA/… Pilsen, Czech Republic, 2014 Department of Machine Design 1  6.1.2009 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stanislav Hosnedl Sylabuses to Lectures – Part A5

2. SYSTEM DESIGN ENGINEERING OF TECHNICAL PRODUCTS INFORMATIVE NEEDED IMPORTANT ADDITIONAL   29.12.2014  2 A5 Taxonomy of TS Properties - TS object/topological aspects - TS object/topological aspects

3. A5 Taxonomy of TS Properties - TS object/topological aspects - TS object/topological aspects TS(s) LIFE CYCLE STAGES FOCUSED ON THE RESPECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONSIS IT REALLY NEEDED ?   6.1.2009  3 Safety Transport a cargo Turn a product Power Force r.p.m. Light up a space Ease to recycle Easy manufacturing Simple assembly Simple maintenance Easy to manipulate Low production cost Short delivery term Environmental friendliness Easy to store Pleasant appearance Max. length

4. In the past, it was believed that there were an infinite number of TS Properties, and that they had nothing in common with different products. Step by step a number of „Instructions based“ taxonomy systems have been developed. TS(s) LIFE CYCLE STAGES FOCUSED ON THE RESPECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS„INSTRUCTION BASED“ TS PROPERTIES TAXONOMY   6.1.2009  4 INFORMATIVE A5 Taxonomy of TS Properties - TS object/topological aspects - TS object/topological aspects

5. SPACE: Geometry: Size, height, breadth, length, diameter, space requirement, number, arrangement, connection, extension.. MECHANICS: Kinematics: Type of motion, direction of motion, velocity, acceleration. Forces: : Direction of force, magnitude of force, frequency, weight, load, deformation, stiffness, elasticity, inertia of forces, resonance. QUANTITIES: Energy: Output, efficiency, loss, friction, ventilation, state, pressure, temperature, heating, cooling, supply, storage, capacity, conversion. Material: Flow and transport of materials. Physical and chemical properties of the initial and final product, auxiliary materials, prescribed materials (food regulations etc.).. Signals: : Inputs and outputs, form, display, control equipment. HUMAN: Safety: Direct safety systems, operational and environmental safety. Ergonomics: Man-machine relationship, type of operation, operating height, clarity of layout, sitting comfort, lightning, shape compatibility. LIFE CYCLE: Production: Factory limitations, maximum possible dimensions, preferred production methods, means of production, achievable quality and tolerances, wastage. Quality control: Possibilities of testing and measuring, application of special regulations and standards. Assembly: Special regulations, installation, sitting, foundations. Transport: Limitations due to lifting gear, clearance, means of transport (height and weight), nature and conditions of despatch. Operation: Quietness, wear, special uses, marketing area, destination, (for example sulphurous atmosphere, tropical conditions). Maintenance: Servicing intervals (if any), inspection, exchange and repair, painting and cleaning. Recycling: Reuse, reprocessing, waste disposal, storage. BUSINESS: Cost: Maximum permissible manufacturing costs, cost of tooling, investment and depreciation. Schedules: End date of development, project planning and control, delivery date. Fig.: Check List for Product Data Specification [Pahl&Beitz et al 2007, p. 149] TS(s) LIFE CYCLE STAGES FOCUSED ON THE RESPECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS„INSTRUCTION BASED“ TS PROPERTIES TAXONOMY   6.1.2009  5 INFORMATIVE A5 Taxonomy of TS Properties - TS object/topological aspects - TS object/topological aspects

6. Example of application: Fig.: Requirements list for a printed circuit board positioning machine (Siemens AG) [Pahl&Beitz et al 2007, p. 149] TS(s) LIFE CYCLE STAGES FOCUSED ON THE RESPECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS„INSTRUCTION BASED“ TS PROPERTIES TAXONOMY   6.1.2009  6 ADDITIONAL A5 Taxonomy of TS Properties - TS object/topological aspects - TS object/topological aspects

7. SPACE: Geometry: Size, height, breadth, length, diameter, space requirement, number, arrangement, connection, extension.. MECHANICS: Kinematics: Type of motion, direction of motion, velocity, acceleration. Forces: : Direction of force, magnitude of force, frequency, weight, load, deformation, stiffness, elasticity, inertia of forces, resonance. QUANTITIES: Energy: Output, efficiency, loss, friction, ventilation, state, pressure, temperature, heating, cooling, supply, storage, capacity, conversion. Material: Flow and transport of materials. Physical and chemical properties of the initial and final product, auxiliary materials, prescribed materials (food regulations etc.).. Signals: : Inputs and outputs, form, display, control equipment. HUMAN: Safety: Direct safety systems, operational and environmental safety. ErgonomICS: Man-machine relationship, type of operation, operating height, clarity of layout, sitting comfort, lightning, shape compatibility. LIFE CYCLE: Production: Factory limitations, maximum possible dimensions, preferred production methods, means of production, achievable quality and tolerances, wastage. Quality control: Possibilities of testing and measuring, application of special regulations and standards. Assembly: Special regulations, installation, sitting, foundations. Transport: Limitations due to lifting gear, clearance, means of transport (height and weight), nature and conditions of despatch. Operation: Quietness, wear, special uses, marketing area, destination, (for example sulphurous atmosphere, tropical conditions). Maintenance: Servicing intervals (if any), inspection, exchange and repair, painting and cleaning. Recycling: Reuse, reprocessing, waste disposal, storage. BUSINESS: Cost: Maximum permissible manufacturing costs, cost of tooling, investment and depreciation. Schedules: End date of development, project planning and control, delivery date. Fig.: Check List for Product Data Specification [Pahl&Beitz et al 2007, p. 149] with additional trial of the systematic classification [Hosnedl 2009] TS(s) LIFE CYCLE STAGES FOCUSED ON THE RESPECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS„INSTRUCTION BASED“ TS PROPERTIES TAXONOMY   6.1.2009  7 ADDITIONAL A5 Taxonomy of TS Properties - TS object/topological aspects - TS object/topological aspects

8. A consistent, comprehensive system for the TS Properties classification elaborated on the basis of Professor Hubka’s and Professor Eder’s fundamental works on the Theory of Technical Systems [Hubka&Eder 1988], within the framework of Engineering Design Science [Hubka&Eder 1996], and using the above introduced hierarchical system of TS Property attributes is briefly characterized in the following. The system is hierarchicall, and consists of: -TS Property Domains - TS Property Classes and their respective Subclasses - TS Properties TS(s) LIFE CYCLE STAGES FOCUSED ON THE RESPECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS„TTS BASED“ TS PROPERTY DOMAINS and CLASSES   6.1.2009  8 NEEDED A5 Taxonomy of TS Properties - TS object/topological aspects - TS object/topological aspects

9. DESCRIPTIVE PROPERTIES Description (incl. abstract) of TS incl. its descriptive features (characteristics) REACTIVE PROPERTIES Reactions (responses) of TS to its external and/or internal load (stimuli) REFLECTIVE PROPERTIES Reflections of TS (of all TS properties) by reviewers 09.08.2015    9 TS(s) LIFE CYCLE STAGES FOCUSED ON THE RESPECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS„TTS BASED“ TS PROPERTY DOMAINS and CLASSES IMPORTANT A5 Taxonomy of TS Properties - TS object/topological aspects - TS object/topological aspects

10. TS LC Planning TS LC Designing Technological & Organizational preparation for manufacturing and other TS LC LC stages TS LC Manufacturing incl. assembly, testing, prod. qual. contr., etc. TS LC Distributing incl. packing, storing, installing, etc. TS LC Operating incl. maintaining,repairing, etc. TS LC Liquidating Incl.disassembling, separ., recycl., etc. TS≥TS LC Σ Man.Systems Σ MgS AR Nat.Syst. AR NS Σ Tech.Systems Σ TS Σ People & o.l. beings Σ HuS Σ Inf.Systems Σ IS TS Life Cycle TS LIFE CYCLE AS A SERIES OF TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES/SYSTEMS (TrfP/TrfS) Fig. : TS LC Life Cycle as a series of Transformation Processes (TrfP) and respective Transformation Systems (TrfS) ( HuS & AR HuS Env  Σ HuS ; TS & AR TS Env  Σ TS ; AR NS Env  AR NS ; IS & AR IS Env  Σ IS ; MgS + AR MgS Env  Σ MgS ) 06.09.2015    10

11. TS LC Planning TS LC Designing Technological & Organizational preparation for manufacturing and other TS LC LC stages TS LC Manufacturing incl. assembly, testing, product. quality control etc. TS LC Distributing incl. packing, storing, installing, etc. TS LC Operating incl. maintaining,repairing, etc. TS LC Liquidating Incl.disassembling, separ., recycl., etc. TS≥TS LC Σ Man.Systems Σ MgS A.&R. Nat.Syst. AR NS Σ Tech.Systems Σ TS Σ People & o.l. beings Σ HuS Σ Inf.Systems Σ IS (III) Domain of TS DESCRIPTIVE PROPERTIES (Properties are invariant to TS LC LC stages) : ): (II)Domain of TS REACTIVE PROPERTIES (each Property can relate to all TS LC LC stages) : (I) Domain of TS REFLECTED PROPERTIES (Ia) TS LC Reflected Properties to Operation Process incl. its Operand ≈ TS LC Technical & Technological Properties (in Ts LC Operational LC stage): ( Ib) TS LC Reflected Properties to Operators of LC Transf. Systems incl. their respective AR Env (each Property relates to all TS LC LC stages!): ( 1 ) TS LC Properties to Operation Functions/Effects ( 2 ) TS LC Properties to Operability ( 9 ) TS LC Definition ( Elemental ) Engineering Design Properties ( 10 ) TS LC Feature Engineering Design Properties (Characteristics) (8 ) TS LC General Engineering Design Properties (I) TS LC Properties to its images, ie. reflections in its Life Cycle (LC) (II) TS LC Properties to its responses, behaviours ie., reactions on a load (of any kind) (III) TS LC Properties to its representations, characterisations, ie. its descriptions (3) TS LC Properties to Human (People) and other Living Beings ( Σ HuS: HuS & AR HuS Env ) (4) TS LC Properties to other T echnical Systems, ie. tech.& tg Means. ≠ TS LC ( Σ TS: TS & AR TS Env ) (7) TS LC Properties to Management Systems (Management Information) ) ( Σ IS: IS & AR IS Env ) (5) TS LC Properties to Act.&React. Nature Systems (Nature Environment) ( AR NS: AR NS Env ) ( 6 ) TS LC Properties to Information Systems (Professional Information) ( Σ IS: IS & AR IS Env ) Obr.: Relationships between TS LC Life Cycle and TS Property Domains (I – III) and Classes ( 1 – 10 ) Taxonomy of TS Properties 11    „TTS BASED“ TS PROPERTY DOMAINS and CLASSES 06.0 9.2015

12.  TS  Property Domains  Property Classes (generally hierarchical system) TS invariant TS specific Recapitulation: 17.08.2015 TS(s) LIFE CYCLE STAGES FOCUSED ON THE RESPECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS„TTS BASED“ TS PROPERTY DOMAINS and CLASSES    12 NEEDED  Values of Property Indicator (generally hierarchical system  Property Indicators (generally hierarchical system)  Properties (generally hierarchical system) A5 Taxonomy of TS Properties - TS object/topological aspects - TS object/topological aspects

13.  TS PROPERTIES: A CAR PROPERTIES  Class: Human (and other Living Beings) related Properties  Property: TS safety  Property Indicator: number of airbags [1]  Value(s) of Property Indicator: 4  Domain: Reactive Properties  Property Indicator : braking distance (by 50 km/h, concrete surface, …) [m]  Value(s) of Property Indicator : 14.2 m  Class: General Design Properties  Property: deformation displacements (e.g. of a shaft B)  Property Indicator : max. bending displacement u omax [mm] (by max. operation load)  Value(s) of Property Indicator : 0.01 mm  Property: TS appearance  Property Indicator : overall appearance [ scale e.g.: bad; satisfactory; good; excellent]  Value(s) of Property Indicator : good  Domain: Descriptive Properties  Class: Elemental Design Properties  Property: dimensions (e.g. of a part D)  Property Indicator : length of the edge b [mm]  Value(s) of Property Indicator : 40.5 mm  Domain: Reflected Properties 14.08.2015 TS(s) LIFE CYCLE STAGES FOCUSED ON THE RESPECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS„TTS BASED“ TS PROPERTY DOMAINS and CLASSES    13 NEEDED Examples for a passenger car: A5 Taxonomy of TS Properties - TS object/topological aspects - TS object/topological aspects

14.  TS: Passenger car  Class: Human (and other Living Beings) related Properties  Property: TS safety  Property Indicator: number of airbags [1]  Value(s) of Property Indicator: 4  Domain: Reactive Properties  Property Indicator : braking distance (by 50 km/h, concrete surface, …) [m]  Value(s) of Property Indicator : 14.2 m  Classes: General Design Properties  Property: deformation displacements (e.g. of a shaft B)  Property Indicator : max. bending displacement u omax [mm] (by max. operation load)  Value(s) of Property Indicator : 0.01 mm  Property: TS appearance  Property Indicator : overall appearance [ scale e.g.: bad; satisfactory; good; excellent]  Value(s) of Property Indicator : good  Domain: Descriptive Properties  Class: Definition Design Properties  Property: dimensions (e.g. of a part D)  Property Indicator : length of the edge b [mm]  Value(s) of Property Indicator : 40.5 mm  Domain: Reflected Properties Examples for a passenger car: 14.08.2015 TS(s) LIFE CYCLE STAGES FOCUSED ON THE RESPECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS„TTS BASED“ TS PROPERTY DOMAINS and CLASSES    14 NEEDED A5 Taxonomy of TS Properties - TS object/topological aspects - TS object/topological aspects

15. List of Reference Publications: TS(s) LIFE CYCLE STAGES FOCUSED ON THE RESPECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONSVERIFICATION   6.1.2009  15 ADDITIONAL A5 Taxonomy of TS Properties - TS object/topological aspects - TS object/topological aspects

16. 10 reference publications present individually: from 7 to 28, on average 16,2 Classes of TS Properties, compared to 10 classes of the presented system from 16% to 80% ‘covering’ of the TS properties included in the presented system Regardless that : - only 29 % (on average) of those properties are explicitly specified - almost 21 % (on average) of those properties are only generally mentioned in these reference publications TS(s) LIFE CYCLE STAGES FOCUSED ON THE RESPECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONSVERIFICATION   6.1.2009  16 ADDITIONAL A5 Taxonomy of TS Properties - TS object/topological aspects - TS object/topological aspects

17. 10 reference publications altogether: cover 96% of the TS properties, which are included in the presented system do not cover any TS property, which cannot be included in the presented system Regardles that classes of TS properties in these publications are: - 6x only listing based, - 3x only methodical schema based, and only - 1x systemic model based TS(s) LIFE CYCLE STAGES FOCUSED ON THE RESPECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONSVERIFICATION   6.1.2009  17 ADDITIONAL A5 Taxonomy of TS Properties - TS object/topological aspects - TS object/topological aspects

18.  