1. Chapter 9 Section 1 The Rise of Industry

2. Industrialization Industrial Revolution begins in early 1800s but rapidly expands after Civil War By the early 1900s, Americans had transformed the United States into the worlds leading industrial nation Gross National Product (GNP) – the total value of all goods and services produced by a country GNP was 8 times greater than it had been when the Civil War ended

3. Natural Resources Natural resources contribute to U.S.’s industrial success This meant the US did not have to buy them from other countries Even before the invention of the automobile, petroleum was in high demand because it could be turned into kerosene The American oil industry was built on the demand for Kerosene

4. Natural Resources Edwin Drake – drilled the first oil well in 1859 near Titusville, PA By 1900 oil fields from PA to TX had been opened As oil production rose, it fueled economic expansion

5. A Large Workforce Population triples between 1860-1910, adding to workforce Population growth stemmed from 2 causes – 1. large families and 2. flood of immigrants 20 million people immigrate to U.S. between 1860 and 1900

6. Question 1 How did the oil production affect the American Economy? – Fueled economic expansion

7. Free Enterprise Laissez-faire embraced by Americans – A French phrase meaning “let people do as they choose.” – “Hands off approach to business” – Supporters believed that government should not interfere in the economy other than to protect private property rights and maintain peace – Relies on the idea of supply and demand, not government regulations of prices and wages

8. Government’s Role in Industrialization Laissez-faire economics practiced Struggle between Northeastern & Southern states US raised tariffs against foreign goods – Morrill Tariff – reversed years of declining tariffs – Hurts farmers the most, ironically this helped speed up industrialization – Farmers left rural America and moved to the cities to take jobs in factories

9. New Inventions 1865: no electric lighting, ice was expensive, mail took weeks to get from east to west New inventions led to the founding of new corporations, which produced new wealth and new jobs Between 1860-1890 Patent and Trademark Office issued 500,000 patents for inventions

10. Advances in Communications Telegraph: perfected by Samuel F.B. Morse – Morse code – short impulses to represent letters of the alphabet Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell, 1874 – By 1877 Bell and others organized Bell Telephone Co. – which eventfully became AT&T – By 1900 1.5 million telephones in use

11. Electric Power Thomas A. Edison – Perhaps most famous inventor of the late 1800s – “Wizard of Menlo Park”, inventor of phonograph, electric lighting, electric generator – 1882 -Transformed American society by supplying electric power to customers in NYC – 1889 – Edison General Electric Company GE

12. Electric Power Thaddeus Lowe - invented the ice machine, the basis of the refrigerator. This lead to the development of a refrigerated railroad car in 1877 Created new jobs, reduce food spoilage and risk of disease from food poisoning

13. Inventions Continue Bessemer Process – made it easier and cheaper to remove impurities from iron to make steel Allowed for construction of new buildings Brooklyn Bridge – designed by John A. Roebling: Longest bridge in the world

14. Question How did the use of electric power affect the economic development of the United States? – Revolutionized business by opening up entirely new markets for inventions and goods to sell