1. Education and Culture

2. Public Education Reformers –Civic affairs, good jobs Requirements –12-16 wks yr –Ages 8-14 –Reading, writing and arithmetic Problems –Rote memorization –Abuse –African American system- 1940 “Spare the rod and spoil the child”

3. Immigrants Encouraged to go to school Suppression of native lang. Discrimination against Catholics

4. Higher Education 2.3% went to college –Grew 4x 1900-1920 Research universities –Psych, sociology, engineering, etc. –Funded by capitalists- why? –Medical universities- How did they learn from History?

5. African American Leaders W.E.B. Dubois –First Af. Am. To receive doctorate from Harvard –Leader of Communities to mainstream into American life Booker T. Washington –Opened own school- Tuskegee Normal School –Racism would end once Af. Am. Acquired skills