1. Landscape Management & Harvest Model A Case Studies from Chequamegon National Forest EEES4760/6760 April 20, 2009 HARVEST used to simulate different landscapes Fire spread in different land mosaics Local and landscape diversity under different landscape mosaics

2. Landscape Management: Landscape Management: Managing landscapes in space and time. Harvest Model Harvest Model (http://nrs.fs.fed.us/tools/harvest/): was designed as a strategic research and planning tool, allowing assessment of the spatial pattern consequences of broad timber management strategies. The model is well suited to evaluate alternative strategies, providing comparable predictions about how the alternatives affect the age (or successional stage) distribution and forest type composition of the forest, the spatial distribution of forest interior and edge habitats, and the patch structure of the resulting forest landscape. With HARVEST, the object is not to find a scheduling solution (i.e., determining the order in which individual stands should be harvested), but to assess the spatial pattern consequences of general management strategies.http://nrs.fs.fed.us/tools/harvest/

3. Objective To study the dynamics of understory plant species diversity, as a function of landscape structure when alternative harvesting at both stand and landscape levels are applied using a harvest allocation model (HARVEST) and a stand projection model.

4. What Is HARVEST? GIS-based research / planning tool Assess spatial pattern consequences of broad timber management strategies (harvesting allocation) INPUT GIS Coverages: -stand age & id -management area -forest types Constraints (riparian buffers, etc.) Cutting Guidelines -total area harvested -size distribution of openings -rotation interval -spatial dispersion of harvests OUTPUT GIS Coverage: - stand age Analysis Options Gustafson & Crow (1996)

5. HARVEST Simulations Output (Text File) All Simulations Run for 200 Years Buffer Patches in GIS (20 m each side) Buffer Roads (20 m each side) Original Vegetation Type Stand Age Area Edge Zone Occurrence -Roads -Different Patches Current Patch Type Classification Cutting Guidelines Applied According to Distinct Management Areas Minimum Patch Size=0.08 ha

6. Current Patch Type Classification IF WE HAVE MEASURED DATA FOR CURRENT PATCH TYPE: Assign Proper Probability and Abundance Vectors Obtained from Sampled Plots Shrubs & Herbs Mature Hardwoods Young Hardwoods Mature Red Pine Mature Jack Pine Young Pine Mixed Hardwood/Pine Wetland New Clearcuts/Non-Vegetated Hardwood Road Zone Red Pine Road Zone Pine/Clearcut Edge (in forest) Clearcut/Pine Edge (in clearcut) Multiple Edge Zones Other

7. Assign probability & abundance vectors from measured data: Species Probability In a Particular Patch Type = Sampled Frequency in 50m 2 Plots Abundance Vectors = Mean, Std. Of Sampled Abundances in 50m 2 Plots Generate Probability Of Occurrence By Species Does Species Occur? YES NO Generate Abundance = Probability From Normal Distribution by species With Mean and Std. Of Measured Abundance NEXT SPECIES

8. Species Richness Run 1 Run 5 Wetland Herbs/Shrubs Young Hardwoods Red Pine Jack Pine Mature Hardwoods Mixed Hdwd/Pine Young Pine Hdwd Road Zone Pine Road Zone CC/Pine Edge ZonePine/CC Edge Zone Patch Type

9. Understory Species Richness Run 1Run 5 Overall Landscape Richness = 237 species (Run 1) = 237 species (Run 5)

10. Landscape Models Focus on Scenarios Test (i.e., what if)

11. Popular Landscape Models HARVEST HARVEST Neutral Model Neutral Model LANDIS LANDIS MOOSE MOOSE Tree2.0 Tree2.0 D-AEI D-AEI

12. Popular Landscape Models HARVEST HARVEST Neutral Model Neutral Model LANDIS LANDIS MOOSE MOOSE Tree2.0 Tree2.0 D-AEI D-AEI A neutral landscape model (NLM) is any model used to generate patterns in the absence of the specific processes being studied. Predictions from NLMs are intended to define the expected pattern in the absence of a specific process.

13. Popular Landscape Models HARVEST HARVEST Neutral Model Neutral Model LANDIS LANDIS MOOSE MOOSE Tree2.0 Tree2.0 D-AEI D-AEI

14. Popular Landscape Models HARVEST HARVEST Neutral Model Neutral Model LANDIS LANDIS MOOSE MOOSE Tree2.0 Tree2.0 D-AEI D-AEI

15. Popular Landscape Models HARVEST HARVEST Neutral Model Neutral Model LANDIS LANDIS MOOSE MOOSE Tree2.0 Tree2.0 D-AEI D-AEI LANDIS LANDIS is a spatially explicit landscape model designed to simulate forest landscape change over large spatial and temporal scales. He, Hong S.; Li, Wei; Sturtevant, Brian R.; Yang, Jian; Shang, Bo Z.; Gustafson, Eric J.; Mladenoff, David J. (2005). LANDIS 4.0 Users Guide (PDF Download 4.62 Mb)(PDF Download 4.62 Mb)

16. Popular Landscape Models HARVEST HARVEST Neutral Model Neutral Model LANDIS LANDIS MOOSE MOOSE Tree2.0 Tree2.0 D-AEI D-AEI The main user interface of LANDIS

17. Popular Landscape Models HARVEST HARVEST Neutral Model Neutral Model LANDIS LANDIS MOOSE MOOSE Tree2.0 Tree2.0 D-AEI D-AEI

18. Popular Landscape Models HARVEST HARVEST Neutral Model Neutral Model LANDIS LANDIS MOOSE MOOSE Tree2.0 Tree2.0 D-AEI D-AEI Zheng, D. and J. Chen. 2000. Edge effects in fragmented landscapes: a generic model for delineating area of edge influences (D-AEI). Ecological Modelling 132/3: 75-190.

19. Popular Landscape Models HARVEST HARVEST Neutral Model Neutral Model LANDIS LANDIS MOOSE MOOSE Tree2.0 Tree2.0 D-AEI D-AEI Fig. 8. Simulated edge effects of radiation

20. Landscape Management