1. 5.4 Ideas for Reform Angela Brown 1

2. IMMIGRATION AND BEHAVIOR Americans linked city problems to immigrants. They hoped to restore past purity and virtue by keeping immigrants out and controlling behavior. http://www.usps.com/images/stamps/98/immigrant.jpg 2

3. Nativism – favoring native-born Americans over immigrants 1887 American Protective Association Teach only American culture and English in schools. Tighter rules on citizenship/ employment of aliens. http://www.albany.edu/jmmh/vol3/ellis/ellis-rif_raff.jpg 3

4. 1885 victory – Congress repealed Contract Labor Act of 1864 that allowed employers to recruit foreign laborers 1894 Immigration Restriction League – organized by recent Harvard graduates – require immigrants to pass a literacy test http://www.essexheritage.org/usingessexhistory/images/irishway.jpg 4

5. Prohibition Temperance movement – organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption 1869 prohibition party 1874 Women’s Christian Temperance Union 1893 Anti-Saloon League Prohibition – ban on manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages http://www.essexheritage.org/usingessexhistory/images/celebratelarge.jpg 5

6. Purity Crusaders Vice – immoral or corrupt behavior 1873 “purity crusaders” – Anthony Comstock NY society for the suppression of vice law prohibiting sending obscene materials through the U.S. mail (birth control) – Comstock’s Law also fought political machines http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Images/TammanyTiger.jpg 6

7. Charity Organization Movement 1882 Charity Organization Society (COS) Josephine Show Lowell –NY kept detailed files deemed some worthy and others unworthy burst into homes of immigrant women demanded adoption of American middle class standards 7

8. Social Gospel Movement Apply the gospel of Jesus directly to society. Focus on charity/justice by seeking labor reform. 1908 – Federal Council of Churches of Christ founded. http:// www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ihmnew.marywood.edu/OSPIHM/FreshEyes /Slide14.JPG&imgrefurl=http://ihmnew.marywood.edu/OSPIHM/Fres hEyes.htm&h=338&w=450&sz=69&hl=en&start=15&tbnid=3u7rOKh2T43RLM:&tbnh=95&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq %3Dnativist%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2005-11,GGLD:en 8

9. Settlement Movement – community centers Young reformers moved into a house in a poor neighborhood offered social services Giving money not enough experience shows what poor needed most. http://www.wellesley.edu/WomensReview /archive/2004/10/hull-house.gif 9

10. 1889 Charles Hull Mansion – Chicago – Jane Addams/ Ellen Gates Starr began getting to know the people - soon responding to the needs of the community as a whole Hull House offered cultural events, classes, child-care, legal aid, health-care http://www.chicagohs.org/history/1stfacts/gif/hullhouse.jpg 10

11. http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/photos/assets/photos/1028.jpg 11

12. Henry Street Settlement, NY- Lillian Ward began as a nurse’s settlement – expanded Missionaries founded settlement houses as well. By 1910 there were more than 400 settlement houses supported by donations and volunteers. College graduates – women – worked for low wages, free room and board until other employment could be found http://edison.rutgers.edu/latimer/lathouse.htm 12