1. China and Japan in the Imperial Period
Sections 12.1 and 12.2

2. China and the West Largely self-sufficient Agriculture
Spanish and Portuguese brought maize, sweet potatoes, and peanuts
Mining and manufacturing
Salt, tin, silver, and iron
Trading goods
Silk, cottons, porcelain
No interest in Western goods
Only allowed to trade at the port of Guangzhou

3. Opium Wars One good the Chinese trade – opium
British refused to stop trading it
Lead to Opium Wars
Chinese lose
Forced to sign Treaty of Nanjing
British get Hong Kong
Foreigners no longer subject to Chinese law

4. Taiping Rebellion Qing Dynasty Widespread hunger and anger
Chinese people rebel
Taiping Rebellion
Led by Hong Xiuquan
“Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace”
All share China’s wealth
Hong built peasant army and captured S. China
Problems: constant feuding among leaders
British and French attacked sided with the Qing

5. Foreign Influence Grows
Dowager Empress Cixi
Supported reforms
Better education system, diplomatic service, and military
Sphere of Influence
Japan gain foothold in China
Open Door Policy
US - China should be open to merchants of all nations
Kept China from being controlled by any one nation

6. Chinese Nationalism Boxer Rebellion
Against Empress’s rule and foreign intervention
Defeated by multinational army
Consequence: Growth of nationalism
Needed to be more resistant to foreign intervention
Government must respond to the needs of the people

7. Japan in the Imperial Period

8. End of the Tokugawa Shogun
Japan was isolated
1853 – Perry and the US
Angry over shipwrecked sailors
TREATY OF KANAGAWA –
Signed to allow US ships into the ports of Hakodate and Shimoda, where a US consul would also be accepted
First treaty Japan signed with a Western country

9. Samurai Rebellion against Western Influence
Sat-Cho (Satsuma – Choshu) Alliance
Defeated by the US
Japan need to militarize to survive
Sat – Cho coup over Tokugawa Shogunate

10. Meiji Restoration Iwakara Mission: Took ideas from other countries:
Sat-Cho emperor replaced shogun
Modernize and Westernize
Politics – prefects replace daimyos
Prime Minister and Parliament gov’t w/ Emperor
Military – based on the Prussian model
Iwakara Mission: Took ideas from other countries:
France – Law
Prussia (soon to be Germany) – Military, steel, medicine
Britain – navy
US – mechanized agriculture

11. Imperial Japan Japan became greatest Asian power Imperialistic
Desire to prove power
Sino-Japanese War
Korea - important trading partner
Japan and China sign hands-off agreement - neither would send armies
But because of rebellions, China sent troops
Japan easily defeated the Chinese
Consequence: Japan gained first colonies: Taiwan and Pescadores Islands

12. Russo-Japanese War
Russia and Japan were major powers after China’s defeat
Went to war over Manchuria (1904)
1905 Russia and Japan started peace negotiations
Treaty of Portsmouth
Gave Japan the captured territories
Russia withdraws from Manchuria and stays out of Korea