1. APE requirements The course teaches students to write an interpretation of a piece of literature that is based on careful observation of textual details, considering the works: structure, style, and themes; social and historical values its reflects (Grendel and The Epic of Beowulf);such elements as figurative language, imagery, symbolism, and tone. According to The Bedford, “style refers to the distinctive manner in which an author arranges words to achieve particular effects. That arrangement includes individual word choices and matters such as length of sentences, their structure and tone, and the use of irony” (Meyers 316)

2. “When classified according to structure, there are four kinds of sentences” (Warriner 108). Simple: one independent clause and no subordinate clauses Compound: two or more independent clauses but no subordinate clauses Complex: one independent and at least one subordinate Complex-compound: two or more independent and at least one subordinate

3. phrase and clauses – spend some time with these. What is a phrase? What are the major types? What punctuation is used with phrases? This is one of the way we speak of stylistic maturity and mechanical accuracy. What is a clause? What are the major types of clauses? Again, what punctuation is used with the various types of clauses?

4. Syntax: the arrangement of words into phrases, clauses and sentences Another way we speak of the structure of sentences is as follows: Periodic and cumulative. Look these up, ch 2, L and C Now that you have a grasp of phrases and clauses, these two terms should make more sense.