1. History of STEM Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2015. All rights reserved.

2. Electricity 1821 – Michael Faraday publishes his discoveries on electromagnetic rotation. 1831 – Faraday publishes his discoveries on electromagnetic induction. 1832 – Hippolyte Pixii of France builds the first Dynamo (DC Generator). 1871 – Zenobe Gramme creates the first Dyanmo that is capable of commercial applications. 1882 – Thomas Edison opens a power station in New York. 1884 – Turin, Italy AC power is used to light up Edison light blubs on 25 miles of trolley track. 1886 – Great Barrington, MA: the first full AC power system is built by William Stanly. Late 1880s – Nikola Tesla files multiple patents for polyphase AC motor and power transmission. 1893 – The Chicago World’s Fair becomes the first all-electric World’s Fair powered by Tesla’s AC Generators. This leads to AC being the electricity of choice. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2015. All rights reserved.

3. Televisions 1878 – Existence of cathode rays are confirmed by William Crookes. 1897 – Karl Ferdinand Braun constructs a cathode ray tube scanning device. 1927 – Philo Farnsworth transmits the first electronic television image. 1929 – Vladimir Zworykin demonstrates the first practical electronic system for both transmission and reception of images. 1943 – Zworykin develops a better camera tube – The Orthicon – with enough light sensitivity to record outdoor events at night. 1948 – Louis Parker is granted a patent for a television receiver, the “intercarrier sound system.” 1950 – Zenith creates the first television remote control. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2015. All rights reserved.

4. Televisions Continued 1953 – Color television broadcasting officially begins. 1956 – Robert Adler invents the first wireless remote control. 1962 – AT&T launches the first satellite to send television signals, the Telstar. 1964 – The first prototype for a plasma display is invented. 1976 – VHS home recording format is introduced. 1981 – HDTV is demonstrated in the US by Japan’s government-owned broadcasting service. 1991 – US testing of HDTV systems begins. 1995 – Flat-screen plasma televisions are introduced. 1999 – TiVo goes on sale. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2015. All rights reserved.

5. Airplanes 1799 – Sir George Cayley defined list and drag and presented the first scientific design for a fixed wing aircraft. 1849 – A young boy made the first manned flight in a glider designed by Cayley. 1875 – Felix du Temple made the first attempt at powered flight. 1894 – Sir Kiram Maxim made a successful takeoff in a biplane but the flight was uncontrolled. 1903 – Wilbur and Orville Wright made the first controlled powered flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina on December 17. 1914 – Automatic gyrostabilizer leads to the first automatic pilot produced two years later. 1917 – The first all metal plane, Junker J4, is introduced.

6. Airplanes Continued 1933 – Boeing 247 is introduced as the first modern commercial airliner. 1937 – First jet engines are tested. 1947 - Air Force pilot Charles Yeager is the first person to break the sound barrier. 1949 – First jet-powered commercial airplane 1969 – Boeing conducts first flights of the 747. 2003 – The first civilian tilt rotor aircraft had a successful 36- minute flight at Bell Textron Flight Research Center in Texas. 2007 – Airbus A380 – the world’s largest commercial plane makes first flight in the United States. 2012 – First electric aircraft to fly over 200 mph. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2015. All rights reserved.

7. Cartesian Geometry 1637 – Descartes publishes his ideas on geometry in a treatise called “La Geometrie.” “Any problem in geometry can easily be reduced to such terms that a knowledge of the length of certain lines is sufficient for its construction.” Cartesian geometry is the basis of many drafting programs. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2015. All rights reserved.

8. References Smoller, L. (2001, March 1). Decartes and the birth of analytic geometry. Retrieved November 12, 2014, from http://ualr.edu/lasmoller/descartes.html http://ualr.edu/lasmoller/descartes.html Energy Timelines. (2007, October 1). Retrieved November 13, 2014, from http://www.eia.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=tl_electricity http://www.eia.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=tl_electricity Lantero, A. (Ed.). (2014, November 18). The war of currents: AC vs. DC power. Retrieved December 11, 2014, from http://energy.gov/articles/war- currents-ac-vs-dc-powerhttp://energy.gov/articles/war- currents-ac-vs-dc-power Garrett, L. (Ed.). (n.d.). History of flight timeline. Retrieved December 5, 2014, from http://www.aiaa.org/secondaryTwocolumn.aspx?id=5674http://www.aiaa.org/secondaryTwocolumn.aspx?id=5674 Television history – A timeline. (2012, January 1). Retrieved December 11, 2014, from http://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/exhibits/mason_&_associates/documents/ti meline.pdf http://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/exhibits/mason_&_associates/documents/ti meline.pdf Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2015. All rights reserved.