1. Ecosystem (Chapter 18) 1

2. 2 Ecosystem

4. 6 7 Primary Production: Production of New Organic Matter by an Ecosystem 8

5. Gross Primary Production : Total Biomass Produced by all Autotrophs in an Ecosystem 9 Measure CO 2 Take

6. Net Primary Production: Biomass Left Over after Autotrophs have met Respiratory Needs 11

7. 13 14 Measuring Net Primary Production 1516

8. 3 Rain Forest Arctic Tundra 4 Differences in Net Primary Production due to..

9. Fig. 19.11 in Cain et al. 2008 Abiotic Factors that Influence Terrestrial NPP

10. A Surrogate for Temperature and Precipitation: Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) mm H 2 0 / yr 17

11. Terrestrial NPP vs. AET Fig. 18.2 in Molles 2008

12. Other Abiotic Influences on Terrestrial NPP 18 19

13. Effect of Fertilizer on Terrestrial NPP (Alpine Tundra) CONTROLPN N + P 20

14. Fig. 18.5 in Molles 2008 Effect of Fertilizer on NPP (Alpine Tundra)

15. Abiotic Factors that Influence Aquatic NPP 21 22

16. 24 23 Bill’s Observations (Iowa)

17. 25 Control (C + N + P) Northwestern Ontario (“Lake 226”)

18. Fig. 18.8 in Molles 2008 Lake 226 Experiment: Results

19. Effect of Biotic Factors on Biomass Indirect Effects

20. Effect of Consumers on Biomass (Trophic Cascade) Fig. 18.11 in Molles 2008

21. Trophic Cascade Hypothesis: Predictions Fig. 18.12 in Molles 2008

22. Experimental Manipulation: Remove Piscivore, Add Planktivore Fig. 18.13 in Molles 2008

23. Experimental Manipulation: Add Piscivore Fig. 18.13 in Molles 2008

24. Effect of Consumer on Biomass: Terrestrial 26 Effect of Grazing on Grass Biomass

25. Fig. 18.14 in Molles 2008 Experiment: Exclosures

26. Experiment: Results (Compensatory Effect) Fig. 18.14 in Molles 2008

27. 27 Trophic Cascade? 28

29. 27 Bottom-Up versus Top-Down Controls

30. Raymond Lindeman – Trophic Dynamics

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