1. Bell-ringer – Draw a map. The source of the Nile is Lake Victoria in the south. The river runs northward and at its mouth in branches out like an open flower. This area is called the delta and is known as lower Egypt. The land closer to the source is called upper Egypt.

2. Bell-ringer - Thursday For the life-giving rays of the sun that caused the crop to grow could also cause it to shrivel and die. And the river that invigorated the soil with its life-giving silt could destroy whatever lay in its path or, if it failed to rise sufficiently, bring famine. The sun and the river, moreover, shared in the pattern of death and rebirth: the sun ‘died’ when it sank on the western horizon only to be ‘reborn’ in the eastern sky the following morning. And the ‘death’ of the land followed by the germination or ‘rebirth’ of the crops each year were directly connected with the river’s annual flood.

3. Ancient Egypt World Studies

4. Geography Relative Location Northeast Africa Along the Nile River South of the Mediterranean Sea and east of the Red Sea

5. Geography Movement The Nile flows north from its source in Lake Victoria to its mouth in the Mediterranean Sea which forms a delta. Upper and Lower Egypt –(This is tricky!) River flow

6. Advanced Cities Thebes – center of artifacts –Temple of Luxor –Valley of Kings –Temple of Ramses Giza – Sphinx & Great Pyraminds Memphis – capital of United Egypt

7. Specialized Workers Slaves Masons

8. Complex Institutions Pharaoh Dynasty Theocracy polytheism Egyptian gods –Amun-Ra –Osiris pyramids mummification

9. Record Keeping & Writing Pictogram Hieroglyphics Papyrus Rosetta Stone

10. Advanced Technology Pyramid Calendar Forensics Water clock Sun dial Bronze work medicine