1. The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is called ecology.

2. Species make up populations, which make up communities.

3. The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is a community.

4. The lowest level of environmental complexity that includes living and nonliving factors is the ecosystem.

5. Plants are primary producers.

6. The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the biomass.

7. What animals eat both producers and consumers? omnivores

8. The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called the water cycle.

9. The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because _________ flows in one direction, and _________ recycle. Energy, nutrients

10. Examples of abiotic factor in the environment are soil type, rainfall, temperature

11. What is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem? number and kinds of predators in the ecosystem

12. What is an example of how biotic and abiotic factors interact? Tree roots split apart rocks in the ground.

13. What is at the base of all ecological pyramids? producers

14. The movement of organisms into a range is called immigration

15. The ______ rate is becoming higher than the _______rate. describe a population that is decreasing in size. Death, birth

16. What are two ways a population can decrease in size? increase death rate and emigration

17. During some kinds of population growth, the size of each generation of offspring is larger than the generation before it. So, as the population gets larger, it grows more quickly. This situation is called exponential growth.

18. When the exponential phase of a logistic growth curve of a population ceases, population growth begins to slow down.

19. Something that controls the growth or size of a population is a limiting factor.

20. Fewer individuals will increase or decrease competition within a species’ population? decrease

21. A disease resulting in the deaths of one third of a dense population of bats in a cave would be a density-dependent limiting factor.

22. An example of a renewable resource is trees.

23. They cannot be replaced after they are used up is true about __________ resources? nonrenewable

24. The gray-brown haze often found over large cities is called smog.

25. Introduced species can threaten biodiversity because they can crowd out native species.

26. Who used a compound microscope to see chambers within cork and named them “cells”? Robert Hooke

27. What advance in technology made the discovery of cells possible? the microscope

28. What organisms are prokaryotes? bacteria

29. Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful? lysosome

30. Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus? ribosome

31. Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells? chloroplast

32. Regulating the movement of materials into and out of the cell is a function of the cell membrane

33. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis

34. What means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell? active transport

35. Which term describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism? homeostasis

36. A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called a tissue.

37. What are the three parts of an ATP molecule? adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

38. Energy is released from ATP when a phosphate group is removed.

39. Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called autotrophs.

40. Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from external sources are called heterotrophs

41. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy sugars.

42. The Calvin cycle is another name for the light-independent reactions.

43. The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma.

44. What is a product of the Calvin cycle? high-energy sugars

45. What is the correct equation for cellular respiration? 6O2 + C6H12O6 ® 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

46. What are the products of cellular respiration? Water and Carbon dioxide

47. Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires oxygen.

48. The starting molecule for glycolysis is glucose.

49. The starting molecule for the Krebs cycle is pyruvic acid.

50. The Krebs cycle produces carbon dioxide.

51. In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by the Krebs cycle.

52. Cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce approximately ___ ATP molecules. 36

53. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells.

54. Breathing heavily after running a race is your body’s way of repaying an oxygen debt.

55. During which phase in the cell cycle does mitosis happen? M phase

56. When during the cell cycle is a cell’s DNA replicated? S phase

57. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell? metaphase

58. What is the proper sequence represents the phases of mitosis? prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

59. Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their growth rate