1. Digestive System

2. Origin Stomodeum and Proctodeum Buccopharyngeal membrane and cloacal membrane

3. Major Components Digestive Tract Buccal Cavity Pharynx Alimentary Canal Accessory Glands

4. Components: Buccal Cavity Teeth, tongue, palate Functions: Mechanical and chemical breakdown

5. Components: Buccal Cavity - Palate Roof of the mouth Primary Palate: contains internal nares Medial series: Vomer, Pterygoid, Parasphenoid Lateral series: Palatine, Ectopterygoid Secondary Palate: some reptiles and mammals Hard and soft palate

6. Components: Buccal Cavity - Teeth Origin: ectodermal Mechanical breakdown, holding, hunting

10. Components: Buccal Cavity - Tongue Evolution: Hypobranchial muscles resting on Hyoid Apparatus Sensory, feeding

11. Components: Buccal Cavity - Tongue Ingestion Intraoral transport Deglutition - swallowing

12. Components: Buccal Cavity - Tongue Lingual feeding

13. Components: Pharynx Common passage for food and air Derivatives: Pharyngeal pouches meeting with branchial grooves, further developing into other organs

14. Components: Pharynx Swallowing/Deglutition Air vs food

15. Components: Alimentary Canal Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Terminus: Cloaca or Anus

16. Alimentary Canal Design Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia

17. Alimentary Canal Origin Endoderm – lining Mesoderm – muscles, CT, BV

19. Alimentary Canal Components: Esophagus Distendible, secretes mucus Modifications: for abrasion (histologic), for large amounts of food (histologic and behavioural)

20. Alimentary Canal Components: Stomach Storage, absorption, digestion Gastric juice – HCl, mucus, enzymes Rugae Sections: Cardiac – mucus Fundus – Parietal and Chief cells Pylorus – Neutralize, mucus

21. Alimentary Canal Components: Small Intestine Villi, Microvilli (absorption) Crypts of Lieberkuhn (enzymatic) Intestinal juice Duodenum, jejunum, ileum Duodenum – pancreatic and hepatic secretions, Brunner’s glands (neutralize) Jejunum Ileum – ileocolic valve

22. Alimentary Canal Components: Large Intestine Simple columnar, terminus: stratification Internal and external anal spinchther

23. Accessory Glands Oral Glands Buccal cavity Mucus and serous fluid More common in tetrapods Examples: Salivary glands, lacrimal glands, venom glands

24. Accessory Glands Liver Developmental: RBC production Adults: RBC destruction, filtering of wastes, bile production (exocrine) Origin: hepatic diverticulum

25. Accessory Glands Pancreas Origin: Dorsal and ventral pancreatic diverticulum Ducts lead to duodenum, contains trypsin and chymotrypsin (exocrine) Islets of Langerhans: insulin and glucagon (endocrine)

26. Adaptations and Specializations of the GI Fish: Ileal modification – spiral valve – primitive osteichthyans, elasmobranches Rectal gland - sharks Pyloric cecum/ceca (absorption) - osteichthyes

27. Adaptations and Specializations of the GI Terrestrial Vertebrates

28. Adaptations and Specializations of the GI Gizzards

29. Adaptations and Specializations of the GI Extended ceca

30. Adaptations and Specializations of the GI Coprophagia

31. Images http://www.perinatology.com/images/primarypalate.jpg http://www.walgreens.com/marketing/library/graphics/images/en/1121.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_W19ZkFqGT- M/Sz2ri8ZKWiI/AAAAAAAADZI/MdwPyTQFogI/s400/Cows%2Bteeth%2BFM%2Bgood.jpg http://courses.washington.edu/vertebra/452/photos/amphib/giant_toothrow.jpg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- xv3NJkxbs68/UGs9bygAySI/AAAAAAAAB1Q/MTv8jiK0lb8/s1600/Animal%2Battacks%2Bnews%2Bdangero us%2Banimal%2Bteeth%2Bof%2Bhyena%2Bdangerous%2Banimals%2Bof%2Bkenya%2Bsouth%2Bafrica%2 Btanzania%2Bzimbabwe%2Banimal%2Bpictures.jpg http://www.peteducation.com/images/articles/ill_reptile_teeth.gif http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pregastric/cheekteeth.jpg http://www.patzner.sbg.ac.at/Gobiidae/Fotos/Gob_buc_6.jpg http://sharkmans-world.eu/images/teeth.jpg http://www.tigerhomes.org/animal/images/diamondback-teeth.jpg http://lrrpublic.cli.det.nsw.edu.au/lrrSecure/Sites/Web/gondwana/Animal_Fossils_of_Gondwana/lo/fossi ls_06/graphics/tooth1.jpg http://www.neuro.fsu.edu/~mmered/vomer/images/Snake.gif http://www.wild-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/cheats-chameleon.jpg http://kuwaitiful.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/cats-tongue-close-up-magnifiy.jpg http://sepetjian.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/embryoes2116.jpg http://blogs.bu.edu/bioaerial2012/files/2012/09/Pelican-Wins1.jpg http://reptilis.net/index4/swallow2.jpg http://www.anatomyatlases.org/MicroscopicAnatomy/Images/Plate192.jpg http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~millen/oldvertebrate/spiral20valve.jpg http://health.rush.edu/healthinformation/graphics/images/en/15873.jpg http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_euq4iPQ9iQk/TKNkGaP5KPI/AAAAAAAACfQ/HKzE6_pek9c/s400/Chicken%2BG izzards%2BScreen%2BSaver.jpg http://bio1152.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch41/41_27GITractComparison_CL.jpg http://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/1-19-12-snowshoe-hare-scat- img_7235.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_zHWK8oRfUrU/TS_4jcpKQfI/AAAAAAAABfg/yqO5lgn8nKY/s1600/DSC_0010.JP G http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_zHWK8oRfUrU/TS_4jcpKQfI/AAAAAAAABfg/yqO5lgn8nKY/s1600/DSC_0010.JP G http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- XTvsIwo9ouk/ToUu3JKafPI/AAAAAAAAGCs/Ussb_Yxaq2U/s1600/EBV%2BPythonBunny7.jpg http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/gut_photos/fundus_esophagus.jpg http://www.aps.uoguelph.ca/~swatland/s140.gif http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- XTvsIwo9ouk/ToUu3JKafPI/AAAAAAAAGCs/Ussb_Yxaq2U/s1600/EBV%2BPythonBunny7.jpg http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/gut_photos/fundus_esophagus.jpg http://www.aps.uoguelph.ca/~swatland/s140.gif http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/05/23/rsbl.2011.0336/F2.large.jpg http://methiscool.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/21_04bhumandigestivesys-l.jpg http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/CathyKeifer/CathyKeifer1101/CathyKeifer110100004/8537840-a- bog-eyed-tree-frog-is-trying-to-catch-a-fly-with-his-tongue.jpg