1. Learning Targets Homework
Identify the three main kingdoms of Ancient Egypt.
Describe the major events that occurred in each kingdom.
Define pharaoh and intermediate period.
Wordy Wed. Quiz Fri.
Egyptian webquest due Fri.

2. Problem of the Day
English word below is made of the first two letters of one country and the last two letters of a country that it borders. For example, PACA is a combination of Panama and Costa Rica. How many crossings can you make?
PONY
BOIL
SWAY
ECRU
CHAR

3. Problem of the Day Poland/Germany Bolivia/Brazil Sweden/Norway
Ecuador/Peru
China/Myanmar

4. The Egyptian Empire
The Three Kingdoms

5. Egyptian Dynasties
A dynasty is a series of rulers (pharaohs) from the same family or ethnic group
The Ancient Egyptian empire had 31 dynasties between 3100BC until 332BC
The dynasties were grouped into three major time periods:
The Old Kingdom
The Middle Kingdom
The New Kingdom

7. Egypt’s First Dynasty
Menes or Narmer united Upper and Lower Egypt

8. King Narmer

9. The Early Dynastic Period ( 2925 – 2575 BC)
1st , 2nd, and 3rd dynasties
First dynasty Menes united Egypt
Others believe it was Narmer
Still others believe Narmer and Menes were the same person
Memphis chosen as first capital by King Narmer
King Narmer first king to unite Lower and Upper Egypt
Memphis disappeared; Heliopolis replaced it(close to Cairo)

10. The Old Kingdom: 2686-2125 BC The 3rd to the 8th Dynasties
Governmental capital located at Memphis
Advancements in technology, art, farming and architecture
“The Age of the Pyramid”
During the Old Kingdom, the Egyptians built the Great Pyramids, 20 major pyramids, and the Sphinx
The only era where Pharaohs were buried in pyramids.

11. The First Intermediate Period 2055-1650 BC
9th – 11th Dynasties
End of the Old Kingdom, pharaohs challenged by local governors called nomarchs
Egypt had 42 nomoi (nome =district or province)
Result: civil wars throughout the empire and the kingdom split into two dynastic kingdoms: Herakleopolian and Theban dynasties
Drought causes the Nile to stop flooding, which results in famine

12. Nomoi of Upper Egypt

13. Nomoi of Lower Egypt

14. The Middle Kingdom 2055 – 1650 BC 11th – 13th Dynasties
One of the feuding dynasties from Thebes in the south was able to unify Egypt again into one kingdom:
Mentuhotep II, marked the beginning of a new era of unity and prosperity

15. Mentuhotep II

16. Mentuhotep II’s Burial Complex

17. Mentuhotep II’s Burial Complex

18. Mentuhotep II’s Burial Complex

19. The Middle Kingdom 2055 – 1650 BC
Trade flourished, arts and literature flourished.
Egypt built strong armies to defend herself against her neighbors.
Religion- afterlife for common people too

20. The Middle Kingdom 2055-1650 BC Theban nobles reunited Egypt
Developed a new system of government
Less power given to king
During the middle kingdom, pharaohs were expected to be good kings and wise rulers. 
Instead of building huge expensive pyramids, when pharaohs died, they were buried in hidden tombs

21. The Second Intermediate Period 1630 – 1520BC
14th – 17th Dynasties
Hyksos, nomads from Asia, invaded disunited Egypt, set fire to the cities, razed the temples, squandered the accumulated wealth, destroyed much of the accumulated art.
Rule over the north for 160 years.
Rule of the “Shepherd Kings”
Thebans rule the south.

22. Hyksos Entering Egypt

23. Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period

24. Bronze weapons

25. New Kingdom 1540-1097 BC 18th – 20th Dynasties
Ahmose united and restored Egypt under one central government
Ramses II (“the Great”)
Ruled 67 years and expanded empire into Middle East
Brief reign of Tutankhamun
Ramses III lost several wars in Syria against the “Sea People”, which started demise of empire
Increasingly beset by droughts, below-normal flooding of the Nile, famine, civil unrest and official corruption

26. Ramses II

27. King Tut

28. Ramses III

29. New Kingdom 1540-1097 BC The new kingdom was Egypt's expansion period.
Egypt expanded her borders through military conquest and became a world power. 
During the time period of the new kingdom, pharaohs were all powerful (gods of earth)
Pharaohs were all buried in the same geographic area called the Valley of the Kings.

30. The Valley of the Kings Contains 63 known tombs Some simple pits
Others with up to 120 chambers
King Tut’s Tomb

35. Third Intermediate Period 1075-715 BC
21st -25th dynasties
Disunity and civil war occurs
Egypt loses control of Israel and Syria
Libyans invade and control northern Egypt
Nubians completely separate from Egypt

36. The Late Period 715-332 BC 26th – 31st Dynasties
Egypt conquered briefly by Assyrians
Cultural revival under kings from Sais
Persian conquest of Egypt (525 BC)
Egypt independent again ( BC)
Sais

37. The Greco- Roman Period 332BC-392AD
Macedonia, under Alexander the Great, occupies Egypt
Alexander's general, Ptolemy, becomes king and founds a dynasty
Cleopatra VII reigns as the last pharaoh (51-30 BC)
Egypt becomes a province of the Roman Empire (30 BC)

38. Ptolemaic Egypt