1. BELLWORK
What did NSC-68 suggest? How did this document become more important after the outbreak of war in Korea?
Explain the division of Korea. Include how it was divided, why, influence of the superpowers and their goals.
Originally the division of Korea was supposed to be temporary, so what changed this? Why was it difficult (impossible) to unite Korea?
How was the UN involved in the Korean War?
Explain the roles of Stalin & Mao in starting the Korean War.
THINKER: What a)international considerations and b)domestic considerations would have influenced Truman to become involved in the Korean War?

2. The first “hot war” 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953
The Korean War
The first “hot war”
25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953

3. A Divided Korea
Division of Korea was the result of an Allied victory in WWII
Ended Japan’s 35-year colonial rule
US and USSR agreed to temporary occupation
Zone of control & division along the 38th parallel
Purpose of occupation was to establish a Korean provisional government that would eventually become free and independent (formal divide – 1948)
Republic of Korea (ROK - South Korea)
Supported by the U.S. and UN
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK - North Korea)
Supported by Soviet Union & China

4. Cairo Conference: November 1943
Jiang (& his wife), FDR & Churchill……where was Stalin?
The three powers declared that they were, "mindful of the enslavement of the people of Korea, ... determined that in due course Korea shall become free and independent.”

5. Korea post-WWII
After atomic bombing in August 1945, Soviet forces invaded Manchuria (Yalta Conference)
Continued into Korea but stopped at 38th parallel
US fearful that entire peninsula would fall under Soviet control, so sent occupying forces

6. Allied Occupation of Korea
Captured North Korean women were sometimes raped and forced to work as sex slaves – comfort women

7. South Korean citizens protest Allied occupation (trusteeship)

8. Welcome celebration for the Red Army in Pyongyang (October 1945)

9. Syngman Rhee 1945 - leader of provisional government in ROK
Appointed by US because he was pro-Western and anti-communist
After elections in 1948, became first president of South Korea
Extremely oppressive and unpopular in South Korea

10. Kim Il Sung
Leader of North Korea from its establishment (1948) until his death (1994)
Member of CCP (Fought in CCW)
A Major in the Soviet Red Army during WWII
Soviets installed him as leader of prov.gov. in December 1945
Created Korean People’s Army (KPA) with direct aide from Stalin
In 1948, the DPRK was established and Kim was chosen as premier (against UN)

11. North Korea’s Cult of Personality
His death & propaganada

12. General Douglas MacArthur
How was he involved in WWII?
In charge of UN forces in Korea
Under his command, forces launched an amphibious invasion at Incheon and were successful in pushing the North Koreans back.
Urged the US to use the atomic bomb against China……caused his dismissal in 1951.

13. The entire war in four maps…..

14. North Korea invades South June 24, 1950

15. US/UN Response September – October 1950
US troops invade at Inchon
UN intervenes & captures Pyongyang

16. China Enters War November 4, 1950
Pushed UN forces back and captured Seoul

17. Stalemate March 1951-March 1953
US-UN-ROK coalition
Negotiations begin in 1951 and demilitarized zone is established
Armistice formally reestablished division of Korea

18. The Fighting Sides SOUTH KOREA NORTH KOREA South Korea 602,902
266,600
United States
326,863
Soviet Union
26,000
Great Britain
14,198
People’s Rep. of China
1,350,000
(and others w/ UN)
TOTAL: 972,214
TOTAL: 1,642,600

20. Discussion: Effects of Korean War

21. North Korea invades South Korea