1. Ironman & Iron Patriot
Iron (Fe)

2. Name: Iron Symbol: Fe Atomic Number: 26 Atomic Mass: 55.845 amu
Electronic confign: [Ar] 3d64s2
Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 14, 2
Description: soft / hard, gray, silvery metal
Name Origin: from Latin ferrum (iron)
Uses: Hb, construction, automobiles, tools etc…
Obtained From: Earth’s surface (hematite)

3. Iron Trivia Most common element on earth by mass
6th most common element in known universe
33 isotopes but only 4 are stable
Circulating liquid Fe cause earth’s magnetic field
Eating Vit C rich food increases Fe absorption
2 types dietary Fe: heme iron (meat) & non-heme iron
Males have about 1g of stored Fe ( 3yrs worth), women have about 300 mg ( 6 mons)

4. Fe containing Compounds
Heme proteins:
Hemoglobin
Myoglobulin,
Cytochrome p450
Fe containing enzymes:
Catalase
liopoxygenases
IRE-BP
Heme proteins - These compounds can transport gases, build enzymes, and be used in transferring electrons

5. Heamoglobin structure
Contains: 2 parts – the Heme ring & the globulin structure
Heme Ring
- Fe metal
- Protoporphyrin IX (glycine + succinly Co-A by ALA)
Globulin Structure (2 & 2)
- 4 tertiary protein structures
Porphyrin – fr the Greek for purple
Hb is utilized in the Red Bone Marrow of long bones

7. Fe Function
O2 Transport – binds one O2 molecules to each Hb globulin chain in the lung (that’s four O2) & deposit each bound O2 into O2 -deficient cells.
Haematopoiesis – necessary for RBC production

10. How do we test Fe levels ? Ans: Venous Blood Test - CBC
Physiological ranges :
- Hemoglobulin (Hgb), Hemocrit (Hct), Ferritin, TIBP, haptoglobin
Hgb: men = g/dL & women = g/dL
HCT: men = 45 % & women = 40 %
Ferritin: men= ng/mL & women: ng/mL
TIBP: 250–370 μg/dL
MCV: fluid ounce/red cell in adult
MCV – normocytic vs microcytic vs macrocytic , RDW – acute

11. Fe Related Disease Iron Deficiency Anemia CO poisoning
Lead Poisoning & Sideroblastic Anemia
Iron Overload Dx (Hemochromatosis)
Thalassemia
Polycythemia vera
Fe Implicated in dementia, AD & PD

12. Fe Anemia Symptoms
Feel short of breath
Have a fast heartbeat
Have cold hands and feet
Crave strange substances such as dirt or clay
Have brittle and spoon shaped nails or hair loss
Sores at the corner of the mouth
A sore tongue
Severe iron deficiency can cause difficulty in swallowing
Hair Loss
Iron is also necessary to maintain healthy cells, skin, hair, and nails

13. Fe Anemia - Blood Smear Notice the cell size – microcytic
Notice the  cell staining - hypochromatic

14. Fe Toxicity aka – Iron Overload dx or Hemochromatosis can cause:
Constipation
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Liver failure
Hypotension
Blackened stool

15. Alzheimer’s Disease
Meet Carlos Alberto Henriques, age: 65

16. Alzheimer’s Disease Progressive neurodegenerative Dx
70-80 % cause of dementia
Starts in hippocampus regions & spreads
Life expectancy 3 – 9 years
Etiology: Tau & -amyloid theory
Myelin model
Fe-storage Protein (Ferritin) theory
Myelin model -

17. Alzheimer’s Disease
In August the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, stated that raising Fe content in the hippocampus associated with  tissue damage in the hippocampus area in people with Alzheimer's disease
Raising Fe content associated with early AD onset
More information: "Ferritin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid predict Alzheimer's disease outcomes and are regulated by APOE" Nature Communications 6, Article number: 6760 DOI: /ncomms7760

18. MRI - http://www. magnetics. uwa. edu

19. Sulanezumab
The first-ever medicine that slows the advance of Alzheimer’s. This should be available within the next three years (2018)

20. Hemochromatosis
Also called: Iron overload disease 
There are two types: Primary hemochromatosis - inherited disease. Secondary hemochromatosis- result of anemia, thalassemia, liver disease, or blood transfusions