1. Chapter 9: Making up for my mistakes! Time Change!

2. Britain’s Preferential Trade Status 1796 to 1850 During this time, Britain placed import duties (tariffs) on goods coming from places other than their colonies. This made British North American goods cheaper for British people to buy than those from outside countries (e.g., Sweden, Russia, etc) Cancelled because Brits were tired of paying more for goods just to prop up the colonies.

3. Reciprocity Treaty with the US 1854 to 1866 When the Preferential Trade Status ended, the BNA leaders needed new trading partners and looked to the US for new markets. The American Civil War (1861-1865) meant that the Northern US States needed goods from BNA. Cancelled because the war ended and the US wanted to freeze us out as they negotiated annexation.

4. Confederation 1867 Canada becomes a country (of four provinces) for a number of reasons, including: Fear of American invasion Loss of Free Trade with US Promise of railway

5. Sir John A. Macdonald 1867-1872/1873 First Prime Minister - Conservative Party Wins 1867 Election Wins 1872 Election But Liberals find out he took money he shouldn’t have and paid off a friend/donor with cushy job. Has to resign in 1873.

6. Alexander Mackenzie 1873 to 1878 Canada’s Second Prime Minister – Liberal Beats Conservative candidate in 1873 because now Sir John A. Macdonald has made the whole party look corrupt. BUT: Inherits a country that has no real market for its goods because both US and Britain have imposed tariffs on our goods coming into their countries. PLUS: a world wide depression hits, and Canada is no exception.

7. Election of 1878 Macdonald Returns Macdonald returns with promise of a return to wealth with his National Policy platform. Some suggest that he is playing on anti- Americanism and fear of economic problems to get them to forget the scandal he was just a part of. Went up against Alexander Mackenzie - Liberal incumbent - who favored free trade. Note: called Honest Sandy, was responsible for creation of Supreme Court, secret ballot, and Office of Auditor General.