1. Coastal Regions

2. Waves cause coastal features such as Arches, Caves and Inlets. Headlands (shorelines that project into the ocean) erode much faster compared to sheltered areas such as bays. Waves erode cliffs and leave the top part untouched, this causes a notch and a shelf on top. Features and How They are Formed

3. Erosion can also create caves and inlets or geos. Once these become too big, they cannot support the rock above. This causes the rock on top to collapse, creating a new cliff and a stack. Features and How They are Formed

4. When caves are formed, they can erode through both sides of the cliff, creating an arch. When there are frequent storm conditions, water may be forced through the cliff, causing a vertical narrow cave and a blowhole/cave at the bottom. Beaches are formed by waves depositing material when the velocity of the water decreases. As waves break at angles, a long shore drift is created. Features and How They are Formed

5. Are coastlines that gradually come out of the sea. Long shore drift causes and deposits to be dropped. This causes thin islands parallel to the coastline. Rivers often flow in and create freshwater sounds. These eventually become full and create swamps, bogs and lagoons. Emergent Coastlines

6. Submerged coastlines are created when the sea level rises and fills in rivers that are often U shaped, creating flooded valleys called Fjords. In Newfoundland, when the ice melted it rebounded the shore creating land-locked Fjords. Submerged Coastlines

7. Near coastal areas, high wind speeds pick up debris and sand, carrying it inland and causing cliffs and rocks to erode. This creates Pedestal Rocks, Balancing Rocks and Arches. Landscapes Shaped by Wind