1. Semen analysis

2. Introduction
Semen is a white or grey liquid, emitted from the urethra (tube in the penis) on ejaculation. The purpose of semen is purely for reproduction, as a vehicle to carry the spermatozoa (sperm) into the female reproductive tract.
semen analysis It is measures the amount of semen, and determines the number and quality of sperm.
Importance of semen analysis It is determines a reproductive problem that is causing infertility or a vasectomy has been successful.

3. Clinical significance
Infertility
Follow up vasectomy (ensure effectiveness)
Forensic applications/studies (rape, paternity)

4. Composition of the semen
Sperm cell (spermatozoa)- 5%
Seminal vesicle fluid – 60%
Accounts for most of the ejaculate
Rich in flavin (gray color)
Fructose (nutrient)
Protein (coagulation)

5. Composition of the semen
Prostatic fluid – 20 to 30%
- milky, slightly acidic
Citric acid
enzymes e.g. acid phosphatase ( ACP): for liquefaction
Zn (associated with disorders of prostate gland)

6. Composition of the semen
4- Epididymis: secretes a number of proteins into the tubule lumen that are essential for sperm motility

7. Function of semen Transport medium Activation of spermatozoal motility
Provides nutritive substances
Transport the spermatozoa to the female egg
Provides enzymes necessary to penetrate the ovum wall & achieve fertilization

8. Specimen collection Abstinence? 2- Method :
- At least 3 days (72 hours), not more 5 days
2- Method :
The ejaculate is collected (by masturbation) in a clean, wide-mouthed container.
Transport
Keep at body temperature and must be examined within 1-2 hours after ejaculation.

9. Routine analysis Volume Color
semen volumes between 1.5 mL and 6.5 mL are normal
Color
white or grey liquid

10. Routine analysis Liquefaction Time
Allow the specimen to liquefy in 20 – 30 minutes and report the liquefaction time.
Delayed liquefaction of semen more than one hour after ejaculation may indicate, an infection. Long liquefaction affect to motility of sperm cells.

11. Routine analysis Chemical PH: 7.0 to 8.0
Fructose : equal or more than 13 umol
ACP : >= 200 umol
Zinc : >= 2.4 umol

12. Routine analysis Motility
Classify quality of motility, and report in percent;
Progressive – forward movement > 32%
Non-progressive – on the spot movement around in circles
Non-motile – no movement
Reference Value
Motile > 40%

13. Routine analysis
Normal Value .: 15 Million /mL(≥39million per total ejaculate)
 Oligospermia, refers to semen with a low concentration of sperm and is a common finding in male infertility
Azoospermia is the medical condition of a man not having any measurable level of sperm in his semen

14. Routine analysis
Morphology Normal form >4%

17. variations Increased pH: infection
Increased volume of semen: decreased sperm count
Decreased volume of semen: infertility
Increased turbidity: leukocytes (inflammatory process in some part of the reproductive tract)

18. variations
Factors affecting motility: Complete liquefaction of the seminal fluid, temperature, Period of Abstinence, Manner of collection/preparation, Number of cells present, Type of movement of sperm cells

19. Motility defects connected with infertility:
Aspermia: absence of semen
Azoospermia: absence of sperm
Oligospermia: low number of sperm
Asthenozoospermia: poor sperm motility
Teratozoospermia: sperm carry more morphological defects than usual