1. Reproductive Systems
Chapter 28

2. Male Reproductive System

3. Testes and Scrotum

4. Testes

5. Seminiferous Tubule

6. Spermatogenesis

7. Sperm

8. Hormonal Effects

9. Control of Testosterone Production

10. Reproductive System Ducts in Males
Ducts of testis
Pressure generated by fluid produced by Sertoli cells push sperm along seminiferous tubules into straight tubules, rete testis, efferent ducts in epididymis and then ductus epididymis
Epididymis
Consists of tightly coiled ductus epididymis
Stereocilia are microvilli that reabsorb degenerated sperm
Site of sperm maturation – acquire motility and ability to fertilize
Can store sperm for several months
Continues as ductus (vas) deferens
Ductus (vas) deferens
Conveys sperm during sexual arousal through peristaltic contractions
Can also store sperm several months

11. Reproductive System Ducts in Males
Spermatic cord
Ascends out of scrotum
Consists of ductus deferens as it ascends through scrotum, testicular artery, veins that drain testes and carry testosterone, autonomic nerves, lymphatic vessels, and cremaster muscle
Spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve pass through inguinal canal
Ejaculatory ducts
Formed by union of duct from seminal vesicle and ampulla of ductus deferens
Terminate in prostatic urethra
Eject sperm and seminal vesicle secretions just before release of semen into urethra
Urethra
Shared terminal duct of reproductive and urinary systems
Subdivided into prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and spongy (penile) urethra
Ends at external urethral orifice

12. Pathway of Sperm Flow

13. Accessory Sex Glands Seminal vesicles - About 60% of semen volume
Secrete alkaline, viscous fluid containing fructose, prostaglandins, and clotting proteins (different from blood)
Prostate - About 25% of semen volume
Secretes milky, slightly acidic fluid containing citric acid, several proteolytic enzymes, acid phosphatase, seminalplasmin (antibiotic)
Bulbourethral glands
Secrete alkaline fluid that protects passing sperm by neutralizing acids from urine in urethra
Mucus lubricates end of penis and lining of urethra

14. Semen Mixture of sperm & seminal fluid
glandular secretions and fluid of seminiferous tubules
slightly alkaline (pH ), milky appearance, sticky
contains nutrients, clotting proteins & antibiotic seminalplasmin
Typical ejaculate is 2.5 to 5 ml in volume
Normal sperm count is 50 to 150 million/ml
actions of many are needed for one to enter
Coagulates within 5 minutes -- reliquefies in 15 due to enzymes produced by the prostate gland (PSA)
Semen analysis----bad news if show lack of forward motility, low count or abnormal shapes

15. Penis

16. Erection & Ejaculation
sexual stimulation dilates the arteries supplying the penis
blood enters the penis compressing the veins so that the blood is trapped.
parasympathetic reflex causes erection
Ejaculation
muscle contractions close sphincter at base of bladder and move fluids through ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, & ejaculatory ducts
ischiocavernous & bulbospongiosus complete the job

17. Female Reproductive System

18. Female Reproductive System

19. Female Reproductive System

20. Histology of Ovary

21. Histology of Ovary

22. Ovarian Follicles

23. Oogenesis

24. Oogenesis + Follicular Development

25. Anatomy of the Fallopian Tubes and Uterus

26. Blood Supply of Uterus

27. External Genitalia
Pudendum/Vulva

28. Homologous Structures

29. Mammary Glands

30. Overview of Hormonal Regulation

31. Phases of Female Reproductive Cycle

32. Hormonal Changes

33. Ovulation

34. Summary

35. Birth Control