1. FINAL EXAM REVIEW STARTING ON P. 328 Interest Groups

2. 3 FOLD BROCHURE STYLE Review Pamphlet

3. Layout

4. First page label: PLURALISM

5. Second page label: Elitism

6. Third page label: Hyperpluralism

7. First page label: Iron Triangles

8. Second page label: Vocab

9. Third page label: Interest Groups

10. Interest Group Definition An organization of people who have similar policy goals who enter the political process to try to achieve those goals

11. OPINIONS ON HOW BENEFICIAL OR DETRIMENTAL INTEREST GROUPS ARE TO AMERICAN GOVERNMENT Interest Group Theories

12. Pluralism Group theory: Interest groups bring representation to all Groups win some and lose some but no one loses all the time Competition is good IG provided a link between people and government IG compete No one group can become dominant IG’s usually play fair IG’s weak in one resource can use another  Weak in money, strong in numbers Interest Group Theories: Pluralism

13. Elitism Assertions: Real power is held by relatively few groups  Wal-Mart, Oil companies, etc Majority of the public agrees with this theory Argument: 1/3 of top business positions hold more than one position  Corporate Boards, university trustees  Interlocking directorates Numerous groups mean nothing because groups are unequal Largest corporations hold most of the power Interlocking directorates Corporate elites always prevail Interest Group Theories: Elitism

14. Hyperpluralism Assertions: The problem is interest group liberalism  Government is overly deferential to groups, with all demands seen as legitimate and government should listen to everyone As a result, government grows out of control Groups have become too powerful as government as tries to please everybody Trying to please everybody results in policy gridlock Iron Triangles Interest Group Theories: Hyperpluralism

15. Iron Triangles Subgovernments are composed of 3 things working together: Interest groups, Government agencies, and members of Congressional committees These iron triangles are the main policy makers

16. Iron Triangles

17. Vocabulary: 16 words

18. P. 336 AP GOV FINAL EXAM REVIEW What makes certain interest groups successful?

19. In summary, interest groups are successful if They are more focused (intensity)  Single-issue groups They’re smaller They limit membership and more importantly membership benefits  Free-rider problem  Selective benefits One thing to remember: Money is important, but it doesn’t guarantee success

20. P. 339 AP GOV FINAL EXAM REVIEW Tactics of interest groups

21. In summary, interest groups use 4 tactics 1. Lobbying  Communication by someone acting not on his/her own behalf directed to a government decision maker with the hope of influencing their decision  1. Regular paid employees  2. Temporary 2. Electioneering  Aiding candidates financially  Money is donated through PACs 3. Litigation  Going to court  Amicus Curiae briefs  Class action lawsuits 4. Appealing to the public  Advertising campaigns  Public Relations (PR)

22. 4 ways lobbyists actually help Congress: 1. They provide information 2. They can help politicians with strategy for getting laws passed 3. They can help members with their campaigns and getting reelected 4. They are a source of ideas

23. P. 347 AP GOV FINAL EXAM REVIEW Types of interest groups

24. Economic Environmental Corporations Labor unions Sierra Club Nuclear power Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Types of Interest Groups

25. Equality Public Interest NAACP NOW Seek a collective good, the achievement would not just benefit the members but everyone Consumer groups Ralph Nader and public safety Types of Interest Groups

26. THURSDAY, JANUARY 14 TH 9:00 AM FINAL EXAM