1. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Unit-2
Principles and philosophies of quality management
Presented by
N.Vigneshwari

2. Review of last class
Overview of the contributions of crosby

3. Today’s topic
Overview of the contributions of Masaaki Imai, Armand V.Feigenbaum, Kaoru Ishikawa

4. Overview of the contributions of Masaaki Imai
About Masaaki Imai
Imai was a Japanese quality guru
1962-he founded the Cambridge corporation, an international management consultancy and executive recruiting firm, based in Tokyo
From 1976 to he served as president of the Japan Federation of Recruiting and Employment Agency Associations
1986-he established the Kaizen Institute to help western companies introduce kaizen concepts, systems and tools
As a consultant, Imai assisted more than 200 foreign and joint venture companies in Japan in fields including recruiting, executive development, personnel management and organizational studies.
He also published his book on Japanese management, “Kaizen: The key to Japan’s Competitive Success”.

5. Imai’s contributions
Imai has brought the management philosophies, theories and tools as a single concept known as kaizen.

6. What is kaizen
Kaizen is a Japanese word which means continuous improvement or improvement over improvement. It is process of continuous improvements in small increments that make the process more efficient, effective, controllable, and adequate
Kaizen begins with the notion than an organisation can assure its long-term survival and success only when every member in the operating system and throughout the firm, actively pursues opportunities to identify and implement improvements everyday. Kaizen incremental improvements by understanding the functions of the current system and its weaknesses or relative inefficiencies. Furthermore, small improvements gain returns the firm without the need for large, initial investments to fund major innovations like a new, automated assembly line. The quality improvement perspective of kaizen is best described by an old saying , “Everyday and in every way, we are getting better and better”.

7. Overview of the contributions of Feigenbaum
About Feigenbaum
Dr.Feigenbaum was an American engineer
He was the founder and president of General Systems Company Inc., an international engineering company that designs and implements total quality systems
He originated the concept of total quality control in his book “Total Quality Control”, which was published in 1951.
He was a holder of the Edwards Medal and Lancaster Award for international contributions to quality and productivity.

8. Feigenbaum contributions
Industry cycle
Hidden plant
Crucial elements of total quality

9. Industry cycle
Feigenbaum stated that the industrial cycle was an ongoing sequence to bring products or services to the customer. These activities include marketing, purchasing, design, engineering, manufacturing, production, inspection, packaging, delivery, installation and service. He also maintained that “quality is everybody’s job”.

10. Hidden plant
One of the more well known concepts developed by feigenbaum was that of the “hidden plant”. He maintained that within every company or factory a proportion of its capacity was wasted by not getting it right first time. He noted a figure of upto 40% of the capacity of the plant being wasted.

11. Crucial elements of total quality
Quality is the customers perception of what quality is, not what a company thinks it is
Quality and cost are the same, not different
Quality is an individual and team commitment
Quality and innovation are interrelated and mutually beneficial
Managing quality is managing the business
Quality is a principal
Quality is not a temporary or quick fix but a continuous process of improvement

12. Overview of the contributions of Ishikawa
Ishikawa ( ) widely regarded as the father and pioneer of the “quality circles” in Japan in the 60’s was the leading Japanese contributor to quality management.
1939-recevied his Ph.D in chemical engineering
1962-credited with creating the Japanese quality circle movement
1972-received Engene L.Grant award from American Society for Quality Control (ASQ)
1988-received Walter A.Shewhart Medal
He also served as president of the Japanese society for quality control, the Musashi Institute of Technology, and the international academy for quality
Ishikawa wrote 647 articles and 31 books including “Introduction to quality control” and “what is total quality control?”.

13. Ishikawa’s contributions
Company-wide quality
quality circles
Cause-and-effect diagram

14. Company-wide quality
Ishikawa built on Feigenbaum’s concept of total quality and suggested that all employees have a greater role to play.
He also maintained that a company-wide participation was required from the top management to the front-line staff. As every area of an organization can affect quality, all areas should study statistical techniques.
Effects of company-wide quality control
Reduced defects
Improved product quality
Quality improvement becomes the norm
Increased reliability
Reduced costs

15. Increased quality of production
Waste is identified and reduced
Rework is identified and reduced
Improvement techniques are established and continually improved
Sales and market opportunities are increased
Company reputation is increased
False and inaccurate data is reduced
Meetings are more effective and focused
Repairs and maintenance are rationalised
Improvement in human relations
Company loyalty is increased
Intradepartmental barriers are broken down and communication becomes easier.

16. Quality circles
Quality circles are the principal method for achieving participation composed of between 4 and 12 workers from the same area of activity. They aim to contribute and improve processes and activities, build up job satisfaction and company loyalty, and utilize existing and hidden resource potential

17. Cause-and-effect diagram
Among Ishikawa’s key contributions were the development of the cause-and-effect diagram for problem solving, and for implementing quality circles that involve workers in quality improvement
The cause and effect diagram is also known as the ‘Ishikawa diagram’.

18. References Total quality management-V.Jayakumar
Total quality management-K.Shridhara Bhat

19. Thank you