1. Cellular Respiration

2. Cellular Respiration is the process of converting food energy to energy in the form of ATP Oxygen + Glucose  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 36ATP

3. How is Cellular Respiration related to Photosynthesis? Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite reactions Photosynthesis: light energy light energy Carbon dioxide + water Glucose + oxygen Cellular respiration: Glucose + oxygen Carbon dioxide + water ATP ATP

4. How is Cellular Respiration related to Photosynthesis? Light is the ultimate source of energy for all ecosystems Light energy is converted to chemical energy for use in the cell

5. Why do we need cellular respiration? Cellular respiration is the main way that ATP is produced in cells Cellular respiration is the main way that ATP is produced in cells –ATP is used to perform all the cell’s functions (like what?) Other forms of energy are useless Other forms of energy are useless

6. How is ATP used? As ATP is broken down, it gives off usable energy to power chemical work Synthesizes molecules for growth and reproduction Transport work – active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis Mechanical work – muscle contraction, cilia and flagella movement, organelle movement

7. Why use ATP energy and not energy from glucose? Breaking down glucose yields a lot of energy and most of the energy would be wasted as heat. So instead glucose is broken down in a series of small steps that yield smaller packages of usable ATP

8. Where does cellular respiration occur? Occurs in the mitochondria Occurs in the mitochondria (how does that fit what we know about the function of mitochondria?) How does the structure of the mitochondria contribute to cellular respiration? How does the structure of the mitochondria contribute to cellular respiration?

9. Cell Respiration can be divided into 3 Parts: 1)Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm 2) The Krebs Cycle takes place in the matrix takes place in the matrix 3) The Electron Transport Chain takes place in the cristae takes place in the cristae

10. Glycolysis One molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid. Net gain is 2 ATP.

11. The Krebs Cycle During the Krebs Cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down to carbon dioxide. Net gain 2 ATP

12. Electron Transport Chain The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP to ATP (and in the process oxygen is converted to water) Total gain 32 ATP

13. Why do we breathe? You cannot say that we breathe in order to live. That is no longer acceptable. You cannot say that we breathe in order to live. That is no longer acceptable. In order to do anything, your cells need ATP. The main way to make ATP is through cellular respiration, which requires oxygen. So the purpose for breathing is to make ATP. In order to do anything, your cells need ATP. The main way to make ATP is through cellular respiration, which requires oxygen. So the purpose for breathing is to make ATP.

14. Totals Gycolysis 2 ATP Krebs Cycle 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain 32 ATP Total = 36 ATP

15. Anaerobic Respiration (no oxygen required, cytoplasm) 1.GlycolysisGlucose  4 ATP (Net 2 ATP) 2 ATP2 Pyruvate Aerobic Respiration (oxygen required, mitochondria) 2. Krebs Cycle 2 Pyruvate  6 CO 2 2 ATP 3. Electron Transport Chain 6 O 2  32 ATP Excited electrons6 H 2 O Total: 36 ATP produced

16. What happens if you aren’t getting enough oxygen to your cells? Fermentation = making ATP without using oxygen –Anaerobic process –Occurs when your lungs and bloodstream can’t supply enough oxygen to your cells –Does not make as much ATP as cellular respiration – only 2 ATP (not efficient)

17. Why do your muscles hurt after exercise? Fermentation makes lactic acid –Lactic acid build up is what causes your muscles to be sore It takes time to get rid of this lactic acid

18. Comparing Photosynthesis & Respiration Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Function Energy Storage Energy Release LocationChloroplastsMitochondria Reactants CO 2 and H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 and O 2 Products CO 2 and H 2 O Equation 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O