1. ENERGY
Cellular
Respiration

2. Cellular Respiration
Process that releases energy (chemical) by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
Occurs in both plants and animals and fungi
There are 2 types
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
- Without OXYGEN
- With OXYGEN

3. Products of Photosynthesis O2 + C6H12O6
(Reactants of photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O + ATP)
Reactants of Respirations
(products of respiration

4. The Process of Respiration
Part 2

5. The whole process is divided into 2 parts:
Anaerobic
No Oxygen
Occurs in cytoplasm
Glycolysis is an anaerobic process
Glucose is broken into pyruvic acid and ATP
Aerobic
Oxygen
Occurs in mitochondria
Divided into 2 stages:
Kreb cycle (citric acid cycle)
Electron Transport Chain

6. GLYCOLYSIS Remember…”-lysis” means “to break”
Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of PYRUVATE
Glycolysis is anaerobic
Pyruvate can then be used for cellular respiration
Location: cytoplasm
Occurs before cellular respiration can happen

7. Glycolysis Once glucose is imported into the cell:
Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate
Produces 4 ATP per glucose
2 ATP molecules are “used” up leaving us with a net gain of 2 ATP molecules produced for the cell to use for energy.
Pyruvate enters the mitochondria and provides the materials needed for the Kreb’s cycle

9. Electron Transport Chain
Mitochondrion
Electrons carried in NADH
Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2
Pyruvic acid
Electron Transport Chain
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Glucose
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion

10. Fermentation
Sometimes a cell can’t get the oxygen that it needs to carry out aerobic respiration.
It carries out fermentation to make energy instead (ATP)
Less EFFECTIVE, doesn’t make as much ATP
Location: Cytoplasm

11. Fermentation- ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Isn’t a “clean burn” so nasty, or intoxicating, waste products are left behind
There are 2 types
Alcoholic Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
-Produces lactic acid as a waste product
-Is part of the burn you feel in your muscles when you exercise.
Produces ethanol (alcohol) as a waste product
Used for producing beer, wine, and rising bread

12. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Glucose
Pyruvic acid
Notice that a total of 2 ATP molecules are made for each molecule of glucose during glycolysis
Notice that NAD+ is “regenerated” to be used in glycolysis
This is a low energy yield process (only 2 ATP’s) but this can be enough to sustain our cells when we can’t get enough oxygen

13. AEROBIC RESPIRATION Requires Oxygen More effective, make MUCH MORE ATP
Is a “clean burn” – no nasty waste products left behind
Location: Mitochondria

14. AEROBIC RESPIRATION C6H12O6 + O2  H2O + CO2 + ATP
KNOW THE FORMULA!!!
C6H12O6 + O2  H2O + CO2 + ATP
GLUCOSE (FOOD) OXYGEN WATER CARBON DIOXIDE
Processes associated with it
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

15. Kreb’s Cycle (citric acid cycle)
Breaks pyruvate down into CO2
Occurs in the mitochondria
Produces 2 ATP per glucose
Produces NADH & FADH2
FADH2 and NADH provide power for the ETC
FADH2 and NADH are carrying chemical energy
The carbon dioxide produced here diffuses out of the mitochondria, out of the cell and into the bloodstream where it is carried to the lungs and diffuses into the air that we exhale.

16. Citric Acid Production

19. Electron Transport Chain
FADH2 and NADH pass some of their electrons onto the ETC
ETC is like a game of hot potato, where electrons from FADH2 and NADH are the potato, and proteins in the mitochondria are the people passing the potato. OXYGEN IS REQUIRED.
The flow of electrons down the chain powers a special protein, called “ATP synthase,” which synthesizes (makes) ATP
Produces 32 ATP per glucose!
Total ATP production per glucose during aerobic respiration = 36 ATP

20. Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement
Channel
Intermembrane
Space
ATP synthase
Inner
Membrane
Matrix
ATP Production

23. DRAW CELLULAR RESPIRATION DIAGRAM ON BOARD!!
MAKE SURE YOU CAN DRAW THIS ON QUIZ!!

24. Function Location Reactants Products Equation Photosynthesis
Energy capture
Chloroplast
CO2 and H2O
C6H12O6 and O2
6CO2 + 6H2O 
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular Respiration
Energy release
Mitochondria
C6H12O6 and O2
CO2 and H2O
6O2 + C6H12O6 
6CO2 + 6 H2O
Function
Location
Reactants
Products
Equation