1. Maintenance of Structures Training of Trainer Personnel on Environmentally Sound Design and Implementation of Public Works- Community Roads of the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP)

2. Maintenance of stream crossings, culverts and other structures Maintenance categories: 1.Routine maintenance: conducted routinely, 2.Periodic maintenance or maintenance of structural parts: done regularly on an inspection basis with allocated budget, and 3.Emergency or special maintenance: carried out as a result of failure or damage of structures.

3. Maintenance of stream crossings (cont’d) Detail description for maintenance of structures: (1) Routine maintenance:  Clearing of culverts like silt/debris removal, repair of damages on head walls, repair of aprons,  Clearing of tree bushes under bridges and clearing of silt and gravel deposits on wooden or concrete bridges, nailing of loose timber decks,  Clearing of silt deposit on ford surfaces and repair apron,  Clear silt and debris under cause ways and any deposit on it as well as maintenance apron and scoured structure.

4. Maintenance of stream crossings (cont’d) (2) Periodic maintenance: Conducted in a planned manner both in study and resource wise including the following steps:  Inspection is made to the available structures,  Report is prepared based on Inspection using a maintenance report form,  Plan prepared on ‘What is to be done?’,  Resource availed (manpower, equipment) as planned.

5. Maintenance of stream crossings (cont’d) (3) Emergency maintenance: emergency resource allocated to remove trees, rocks, collapsed soil or open a damaged structure due to sudden flood or other case. Note: Head wall maintenance can be periodic or emergency, Drawings or other notes could be necessary during inspection of structures to clearly present problems or maintenance requirement, Inspection of bridges is done in dry season or when water level is very low so to see abutments, bridge piers, Bridge approaches require high attention, periodic maintenance, Close traffic movement when maintaining a structure, b/s space

6. Video Show ILO Video for Module 16 Maintenance of Structures

7. Questions or comments from trainees or other trainers?

8. Training of Trainer Personnel on Environmentally Sound Design and Implementation of Public Works- Community Roads of the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) June 13-24, 2011 Ghion Ambassel Hotel Dessé, Ethiopia