1. The Fall of Rome 476 CE (AD)

2. Eastern Rome Carries On
The Byzantine Empire
Eastern Rome Carries On
Western
Roman
Empire
Eastern
Roman
Empire

3. Constantine (312-337) Watch the video: What details did you learn about Constantine?
Ruled the Roman Empire in the west
Declared freedom of religion
No longer persecuted Christians
Christianity became official religion of Rome
Founder of Constantinople, moved center of Roman Empire to the EAST (Byzantine)

4. The Eastern Roman Empire also known as “The Byzantine Empire”
In 476 AD – only the western part of the Roman Empire fell.
The Eastern Roman Empire, better known as the Byzantine Empire will last for about 1,000 more years.
The Emperor Constantine started the empire and developed the city of Constantinople, known as Istanbul today.

5. Constantinople Once called Byzantium
Renamed “City of Constantine,” in 330 AD, became the capital of the later Roman and Byzantine Empires
Constantine- Roman Emperor 300s AD
Became a Christian
Stopped persecution of Christians
Moved capital from Rome to Constantinople

6. Key Location for Trade Goods came into city from all directions
Byzantines taxed all goods passing through city
Became center of trade w/ rich diversity of people, goods, and ideas
Developed a strong military
As Constantinople thrives; Western Rome Falls
476- last Roman Emperor thrown out Germanic/Barbaric chief takes power

7. BYZANTINE COINS

8. TRADE IN CONSTANTINOPLE
City built at major crossroads of land and sea trade routes
Located at Bosporus Strait
Linked 2 continents: Europe and Asia
Diverse people traded goods and ideas

9. CONSTANTINOPLE AND THE BOSPORUS STRAIT

10. Fall of Rome 1. Weak and Corrupt Rulers 2. Empire too Big
a. Stole money from treasury, were successful generals not politicians, gained the throne through violence
2. Empire too Big
a. difficult defending, enemies attacked, conquered territories fought to gain back their independence
3. Economic Problems
a. raised taxes, unemployment, inflation
4. Mercenary Army
a. Foreign soldiers who fought for pay, motivated by money, not loyal to Rome, could switch sides at any time

11. The Age of Justinian Great Byzantine Emperor; came from poor family
“Last Roman Emperor, First Byzantine Emperor.”
Ruled AD
Energetic ruler
Rarely gave up on tasks
Listened to all subjects, wealthy or poor

12. Positive Results of Justinian’s Rule
Byzantine Empire was using disorganized/old Roman laws
Some laws even contradicted others
Justinian’s Code
- Organized collection & explanation of Roman laws used by the Byzantine Empire
Became the basis for modern Europe’s legal system
Byzantine Culture
Blended Greek, Roman, & Christian influences
Italy gained from Byzantine manuscripts and knowledge

13. Nika Riots Blues and Greens vs. Justinian can it be that simple?

14. CAUSES:
Sports teams and their supports were gang like (hooligans in European soccer)
Members of the blue and green factions were arrested for murder
Two of the accused escaped and received sanctuary at a near by church

15. January 13, 532
Angry citizens attend the chariot races at the Hippodrome
The crowd starting yelling insults at Justinian
Eventually the entire Hippodrome was chanting “Nika! Nika! Nika!” which means conquer
The crowds broke out of the Hippodrome and did a full on assault of the palace!

16. RESULTS: Hagia Sophia and much of Constantinople burned to the ground
Senators who opposed Justinian’s rule backed the rioters with money and weapons
Justinian almost fled without help from his wife, Theodora
One of Justinian’s advisors bribed the Blues to leave the Hippodrome, leaving the Greens to be slaughtered by Justinian’s men (30,000 killed)

17. What do you think this quote means?
"Those who have worn the crown should never survive its loss. Never will I see the day when I am not saluted as empress.“ ~ Empress Theodora

18. At the Bottom of your Notes please Add:
Empress Theodora (wife)
Advised Justinian on major decisions (not fleeing the Nika Riots)
Improved women’s rights and laws protecting women
Improved divorce laws

19. Hagia Sophia

27. Eastern Roman Empire after Justinian
From 395 – 1453, there will never be one ruler controlling the Roman Empire again.
Constant fighting between future Emperors with the Persians, Turks, Arabs and the Germanic Tribes.
Empire started to weaken from within due to political and religious disputes.

28. A Religious Dispute Most Byzantines were Christians
Many Byzantine Christians did not think the Pope should have authority over their church
The pope, emperor, and patriarch often had disagreements
Engaged in power struggles
Christianity was changing.
Began splitting between East and West, just like the Roman Empire.
Language was different
West (Rome) = Latin
East (Constantinople) Greek

29. Religious Dispute Cont.
Church stronger in the West (Pope) than the East (Emperor/Patriarch)
Spread of Islam has a great effect on the ERE
Beliefs of Roman and Byzantine Christians grew apart
Byzantine Emperor Leo III outlawed the use of Icons, has all icons destroyed.
Icons- paintings of saints and holy figures that Christians prayed to
The Pope excommunicated the Patriarch (Leo III) causing:
The Schism- split in the Christian Church in 1054 that created 2 forms of Christianity, The Roman Catholic Church in the West and The Eastern Orthodox Church in the East

30. A Second Golden Age
: Byzantines experienced a final period of greatness
Basil II- ruled at this time; greatest leader since Justinian
The “Bulgar Slayer”
A warrior King
Fought alongside soldiers
Excellent military commander
Trade was good, population increased, strong period of creativity, Empire gained back some lost territory
Died in 1025, Empire went down ever since.

31. Basil the Bulgar-Slayer
Bulgarians were biggest enemies
Eventually defeats them; takes 15,000 captive
Blinds 99/100 men
Leaves 150 with 1 eye to guide the others to their leader

32. Basil the “Bulgar-Slayer

33. West East Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic Greek Latin
The Patriarch/Emperor
Constantinople
Roman Catholic
Latin
The Pope
Rome

34. The Fall of Constantinople
1100- Turks had taken Asia Minor
1171- Trade war w/ Venice
1200s- Christian Crusaders attacked and ran the city
1261- Byzantines took control back

35. The Ottoman Turks Led by Mehmed II- Nickname is Mehmed the Conqueror
Ruled for 30 years
Strengthened the navy to gain control of the Bosporus Strait
The siege of Constantinople took 2 months