1. PROPERTIES OF MATTER

2. Matter can exist in four different states:

3. Solid - definite shape definite volume Particles tightly packed
Particles fixed in place
Particles vibrate in place
Incompressible
Expands slightly when heated

4. Liquid - definite volume no definite shape
Take the shape of their container
Particles less tightly packed
Particles move pass each other (flow)
Virtually incompressible
Expands when heated (moderate)

5. Gas - no definite volume no definite shape
Fills the entire volume of their container
Particles very far apart
Particles move quickly and randomly
in all directions
Very compressible
Expands when heated (greatly)

6. Plasma High temperatures Atoms lose electrons Produced when gases are
heated to extremely high temperatures
Examples: stars, lightning, auroras,
neon signs, florescent bulbs

7. motion of the particles increases.
the KE increases,
temperature increases

8. Matter can be described according to its
physical properties and/or chemical properties.
A physical property is a characteristic of matter
that can be observed or measured
without changing the identity of the substance.

9. Some physical properties are:
State of matter--
solid, liquid, gas, plasma
Ice, water, water vapor

10. Some physical properties are:
Melting point --
0° C
32° F
Freezing point --
Water
Boiling point --
100° C
212° F

11. Some physical properties are:
Color --
diamond is colorless,
water is colorless,
milk is white,
ruby is red,

12. Some physical properties are:
Density --
Oil is less dense than water

13. Some physical properties are:
Hardness --
diamond is hardest,
chalk is softest

14. Some physical properties are:
Odor --
Water vs rubbing alcohol

15. Odor --

16. Physical Properties of Some Substances
State
Color
Melting
Boiling
point °C
Oxygen
Colorless
-218
-183
Chlorine
Yellow
-101
-34
Ethanol
-117 78
Mercury
Silvery-white
-39
357
Bromine
Reddish-brown -7 59
Water
100
Sulfur
115
445
Aluminum
Silver
660
2519
Sodium chloride
White
801
1413
Gold
yellow
1064
2856

17. A chemical property is the ability of matter to combine with another substance or to change into another substance.
Examples:
Copper reacts with CO2 and water
to form green copper carbonate.
Iron reacts with oxygen
to form rust.

18. Physical and chemical properties can be used to identify a substance.
Diamond or Cubic Zirconia
Almost colorless with yellow tinge
Absolutely colorless
Hardness: 10 Mohs
Hardness: 8.5 Mohs
Density: 3.5 g/cm3
Density: 5.5 g/cm3
Melting Point: °C
Melting Point: °C

19. CHANGES IN MATTER Matter can undergo a physical change that results
 Physical Changes –
Matter can undergo a physical change that results
in a dramatically different appearance yet
leave the composition unchanged.

20. All changes of state are physical changes.
Freezing:
Liquid Solid
Melting:
Solid Liquid
Condensation:
Gas Liquid
Evaporation:
Liquid Gas

21. Sublimation:
Solid Gas

22. Physical Changes –
Bending
Pounding
Stretching

23. Physical Changes –
Cutting

24. Physical Changes –
Breaking
Shredding

25. Physical Changes –
Grinding
Crushing

26. Physical Changes –
Dissolving

27. Chemical Changes –
The process that involves one or more substances
changing into new substances
- - - also called chemical reaction.

28. CHEMICAL REACTION reactants products carbon dioxide methane oxygen
water

29. CHEMICAL REACTION The new substances formed (products) in the reaction
have different compositions and different properties
from the original substances (reactants).

30. Examples of Chemical Changes
Rusting
Corroding
Tarnishing

31. Chemical Changes
Exploding

32. Chemical Changes
Fermenting

33. Chemical Changes
Rotting/Decomposing

34. Chemical Changes
Cooking
Baking
Burning

35. Chemical Changes
Autumn colors

36. Formation of a precipitate.
The following are indications that a chemical change
or chemical reaction has occurred:
Transfer of energy
Change in color
Production of a gas
Formation of a precipitate.

37. Transfer of energy - Temperature change….becomes hot or cold
Produces light

38. Change in color -

39. Production of a gas -
Oxidation of copper metal by nitric acid produces nitric oxide (NO) gas which is immediately oxidized in air to form brown nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas.

40. Formation of a precipitate -
a solid

42. Formation of a precipitate
Process of Precipitation, ( silver nitrate and sodium chloride solutions) white percipitate of silver chloride appears where the two solutions meet.
Chemical reaction that produces color change. In a double-replacement reaction,
the cations and anions of two ionic compunds exchange to form new compounds
Silver chromate (Ag2CrO4) is a brown-red monoclinic crystal and is a chemical precursor to modern photography. It can be formed by combining silver nitrate (AgNO3) and potassium chromate (K2CrO4) or sodium chromate (Na2CrO4)

43. The chemical reaction between a copper penny and nitric acid
The chemical reaction between a copper penny and nitric acid. The dissolved copper produces the blue-green solution; the reddish brown gas produced is nitrogen dioxide