1. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it 3 rd Meeting of the GEANT Experts group Brussels, 10 March 2011 Frédéric Hemmer CERN IT Department Head

2. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it Outline CERN Mission LHC Data in 2010 Connectivity Requirements CERN & Géant Future opportunities Conclusions 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frédéric Hemmer 2

3. The Mission of CERN Push forward Push forward the frontiers of knowledge E.g. the secrets of the Big Bang …what was the matter like within the first moments of the Universe’s existence? Develop Develop new technologies for accelerators and detectors Information technology - the Web and the GRID Medicine - diagnosis and therapy Train Train scientists and engineers of tomorrow Unite Unite people from different countries and cultures

4. 4 CERN was founded 1954: 12 European States Today: 20 Member States ~ 2300 staff ~ 2300 staff ~ 790 other paid personnel ~ 790 other paid personnel > 10000 users > 10000 users Budget (2011) ~1000 MCHF Budget (2011) ~1000 MCHF ~ 2300 staff ~ 2300 staff ~ 790 other paid personnel ~ 790 other paid personnel > 10000 users > 10000 users Budget (2011) ~1000 MCHF Budget (2011) ~1000 MCHF 20 Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom 1 Candidate for Accession: Romania 8 Observers to Council: India, Israel, Japan, the Russian Federation, the United States of America, Turkey, the European Commission and UNESCO 20 Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom 1 Candidate for Accession: Romania 8 Observers to Council: India, Israel, Japan, the Russian Federation, the United States of America, Turkey, the European Commission and UNESCO

6. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it Highlights of 2010 “2010 will be very challenging, but also exciting, with the focus of attention going more and more to Physics results” 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frédéric Hemmer 6

7. 2010 Tier-0 Data Taking Stored ~ 15 PB in 2010 with peaks at 220 TB/day during Pb+Pb Tier-0 Bandwidth Average in: 2 GB/s with peaks at 11.5 GB/s Average out: 6 GB/s with peaks at 25 GB/s 7 Expert Group on Networking - Frédéric Hemmer

8. Highlights of 2010 - Data transfers Final readiness test (STEP’09) Preparation for LHC startup First LHC physics data @ 450 Gev Nearly 1 petabyte/week 2009: STEP09 + preparation for data LHCOPN External Networking: Average: 13 Gb/s with peaks at 70 Gb/s LHCOPN External Networking: Average: 13 Gb/s with peaks at 70 Gb/s LHC running: April – Sept 2010 LHC physics data @ 3.5 Tev 8

9. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it CERN’s mission (cont’d) CERN Research is not only about LHC: – Antihydrogen/Antiproton ATRAP, ASACUSA, ACE, ALPHA – Solar Axion Search CAST – CNGS Opera, Icarus – Isotopes Isolde, REX-Isolde – Compass Archived 2.5 PB in 2010, ½ of ATLAS... – Dirac, Cloud, Ntof, etc... – AMS 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frédéric Hemmer 9

10. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it CERN’s mission (cont’d) CERN is not only about Physics – WHO is connected via CERN to the Commodity Internet – UNOSAT staff and servers hosted at CERN 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frédéric Hemmer 10

11. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it Connectivity Requirements CERN users must be guaranteed the possibility to connect to their research facilities (CERN as a host lab) – From almost anywhere in the world – Operator neutral – Cost effective – Open & Flexible – Sustainable Some facilities like LHC requires (very) high bandwidth – Must be guaranteed, 24x7 Data to reach scientists as soon as possible – Data was available within hours in 2010 allowing for publications in matters of weeks One hour of LHC operation costs ~20 KCHF (300 KCHF if investment is considered) – Must evolve to match the needs of the experiments Innovation driving the requirements – Must guarantee that European researchers remain in a competitive position In particular wrt. their US & Asian colleagues – Usually relies on a mixture of Research and Education Networks, Projects & Commercial Circuits Allowing a diversity of solutions based on capabilities & costs 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frédéric Hemmer 11

12. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it Connectivity Requirements (II) Other requirements include – Connectivity to the general purpose (commercial) Internet To be in a position to sustain ~100 million hits/day on web servers from the general public To be able to webcast in HD quality high level events (including satellite transmission) To be able to perform remote teaching to schools and universities all around the world To ensure business continuity using SaaS (and perhaps soon Clouds) To provide organizations such as UNOSAT & WHO prompt access to their information and/or data – Connectivity to third countries, in particular Africa To foster collaboration with high energy physicists in Africa To promote open access digital libraries for Africans (with Unesco) – Connectivity to the local area France and Switzerland To comply with signed collaboration agreements such as with WHO and the French Haute- Savoie Mairies and Schools (CRI74) Further agreements with Int’l Organizations in Geneva are likely to come 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frédéric Hemmer 12

13. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it CERN and Géant CERN remains 100% committed to Géant: – CERN hosts the Géant PoP – Very pleased with the overall reliability Although there remain operational problems with Dante – Monitoring, procedures, 5 Gbps peering – CERN pays ½ of the Swiss national contribution to Géant But actually has no say in the process But observes that prices have dropped and competition has increased (7/2010 – Cost of 10 Gbps – CHF/10 Mbps * month): CERN is bound by financial rules – Enforcing competition and return to the member states – Might be difficult in the future to justify non-competitive costs of Géant Sustainability cannot be guaranteed with short term EC projects – But LHC is scheduled to run for the next 20 years It would be desirable to be able to sign SLA’s with Dante – Premiums and Penalties would be included The separation of academic and commercial traffic might be problematic in the future – Access to commercial services 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frédéric Hemmer 13 Telco 1 (CH) Telco 2 (US) Telco 3 (DE) Telco 4 (CH) Telco5 (UK) 2.252.893.668.116.74

14. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it Future changes impacting networking CERN Geographical Enlargement – Might imply connectivity and higher bandwidth to other regions of the world E.g. India, China, Brazil, Cyprus, Turkey, Mexico, etc... CERN Scientific Enlargement – Might imply connectivity and higher bandwidth for other communities E.g. AstroParticle, Neutrinos in Asia, etc... Remote Tier-0 – CERN intends to host part of its Tier-0 capacity elsewhere in a member state – A possible consequence would be a requirement for high bandwidth and low latency Possible use of Cloud Computing – Might require high bandwidth to commercial Internet 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frédéric Hemmer 14

15. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it Conclusions CERN’s networking requirements are various, from guaranteed high bandwidth to collaborating institutes, to minimal connectivity to the third world – And will evolve due to CERN’s geographic and scientific enlargements CERN is in general satisfied with Géant – But its sustainability is questioned – Not clear how the competition required by CERN financial rules can be taken into account Innovation is a key factor that will drive the evolution of the computing models of virtual organizations 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frédéric Hemmer 15

16. CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genève 23 Switzerland www.cern.ch/it Another remark CERN is are interested in federated identity systems and consider the work of GEANT with eduRoam and eduGAIN as being potentially interesting – A Workshop on federated identity systems for scientific collaborations” workshop for 9-10 June 2011 at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frédéric Hemmer 16