1. Overview of Drug Use in the Hemisphere: Future Challenges Barbados, June 2005 INTER-AMERICAN DRUG ABUSE CONTROL COMMISSION Inter-American Observatory on Drugs (OID)

2. Introduction The Anti-drug Strategy in the Hemisphere, approved in 1996, states that: The Anti-drug Strategy in the Hemisphere, approved in 1996, states that: “Demand remains a powerful driving force for the production of and traffic in drugs. Every member of the global community has the responsibility to address the issue of demand and to reduce its incentive.“ OID-CICAD / OAS

3. Reducing drug use What does it mean? What does it imply? Basically, 3 things: Basically, 3 things:  To know where we are  To do something about it  To know what happened OID-CICAD / OAS

4. Reducing drug use Know where we are Know where we are  (1) Diagnosis Do something about it Do something about it  (2) Intervention Know what happened Know what happened  (3) Evaluation OID-CICAD / OAS

5. (1) Diagnosis Evaluate magnitude of drug use – establish baseline Evaluate magnitude of drug use – establish baseline  Simple epidemiological studies: Prevalence Study and detect risk factors and protection factors Study and detect risk factors and protection factors  More complex epidemiological studies OID-CICAD / OAS

6. (2) Intervention Objective: Objective:  Diminish risk factors  Reinforce protective factors Prevention programs for different target populations: Prevention programs for different target populations:  Schools  Universities  Workplace community  General Population  Other... OID-CICAD / OAS

7. (3) Evaluation Prevalence studies: Prevalence studies:  Evaluate magnitude of drug use after intervention  Evaluate risk factors  Evaluate protective factors OID-CICAD / OAS

8. CURRENT SITUATION: A GLOBAL OVERVIEW

9. Current world situation OID-CICAD / OAS Drug Use Estimates. Last year prevalences, 2001-2003 All drugas Cannabis Anpheta- mines EctasyCocaineOpiates Millions of persons 185146,229,68,313,315,2 % of population 3,0%2,3%0,5%0,1%0,2%0,2% % of pop. 15-64 yrs. 4,7%3,7%0,7%0,2%0,3%0,4% Source: UNODC 2004 Report

10. Current situation Global trends in drug abuse According to the UNODC report, drug consumption keeps growing, but losing impulse According to the UNODC report, drug consumption keeps growing, but losing impulse Cannabis use is spreading Cannabis use is spreading Amphetamine-type stimulants Amphetamine-type stimulants OID-CICAD / OAS

11. CURRENT SITUATION: A HEMISPHERIC OVERVIEW

12. Current situation OID/CICAD role in assistance on Research The OID/CICAD delivers technical and financial assistance for research on drug use The OID/CICAD delivers technical and financial assistance for research on drug use Cooperates with countries in conducting this research Cooperates with countries in conducting this research Work with and for the country Work with and for the country Has standardized methodologies for research in the countries Has standardized methodologies for research in the countries OID-CICAD / OAS

13. Current situation Projects assisted by OID/CICAD 2003-2005 OID-CICAD / OAS Type of Survey 2003 (18) 2004 (14) 2005 (17) High school 886 General Pop. 233 Treatment221 Emergency Rooms 301 Public Sector 201 Other assistance 115 CICAD contribution $614K$681K$450K

14. Last year Prevalence of any drug, School Surveys

15. Last year Prevalence of Cannabis North and South Am.- School Svys.

16. Last year Prevalence of Cannabis Central-Am. and The Caribbean - School Svys.

17. Last year Prevalence of Cocaine North and South Am.- School Svy.

18. Last year Prevalence of Cocaine Central Am. and The Caribbean - School Svys. 0.2 0.7 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.3 0.0 1.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.00.51.01.52.0 CRI'01 ESV'03 GUA'03 NIC'03 PAN'03 BAR'02 BEL'02 DOM'02 GRE'02 GUY'02 RDO'03 SUR'02 Rate (%) THE CARIBBEAN CENTRAL AMERICA

19. Trends Monitoring of drug use must be ongoing Monitoring of drug use must be ongoing Under-reporting: what is important is the trend Under-reporting: what is important is the trend Trends allow for a medium-term evaluation of intervention programs Trends allow for a medium-term evaluation of intervention programs OID-CICAD / OAS

20. USA School Survey: Last year Prevalences of any drug by grade

21. USA School Survey: Last year Prevalences of cannabis for 10th grade

22. ALCOHOLANDDRUGS

23. Alcohol and Drugs Alcohol is the substance most consumed in all the countries Alcohol is the substance most consumed in all the countries It is responsible for a large proportion of accidents and deaths, and for demand for treatment It is responsible for a large proportion of accidents and deaths, and for demand for treatment OID-CICAD / OAS

24. Last year Prevalence of Alcohol School Surveys

25. Last year Prevalence of Alcohol and Cannabis in 24 countries – School Svys. High Marijuana Low Marijuana High Alcohol 102 Low Alcohol 210

27. Marijuana consumption by age of first use of Alcohol - 19 to 34 years old group Source: CONACE, Third National Study on Drugs – Chile General Pop. Svy., 2000

28. Marijuana Consumption AFTER Alcohol Consumption by sex

29. FUTURECHALLENGES

30. Future Challenges Importance of having timely and reliable information Importance of having timely and reliable information The need for research The need for research OID-CICAD / OAS

31. Future Challenges: Research Diagnosis Diagnosis Intervention Intervention Evaluation Evaluation Measurement of trends Measurement of trends OID-CICAD / OAS

32. Future Challenges: National Observatory Role of National Drug Observatories: Role of National Drug Observatories:  Generate information  Process and analyze information  Access other sources of information  Provide policy-makers with information and proposals  Official source of reliable information of the country OID-CICAD / OAS

33. Scarce Scarce Diversify sources Diversify sources Gradual increase in own resources Gradual increase in own resources CICAD - UNODC Alliance CICAD - UNODC Alliance OID-CICAD / OAS Future Challenges: Financial Resources

34. THE END