1. NANOCAPSULE

2. cONTENT INTRODUCTION ADVAVTAGES OF NANOCAPSULE
NEED TO STUDY NANOCAPSULE
STRUCTURES OF NANOCAPSULE
METHOD OF PREPARATION OF NANOCAPSULE
CHARACTERISATION OF NANOCAPSULE
REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION Nanocapsules is a advanced technique of nanotechnology.
Nanoparticle defined as a submicronic colloidal systems made of polymer preferably biodegradable nanoparticle are at least ten times smaller than microparticles which allows them to be administer intravenously with out any risk .
Nanosphere in matrix system in which solid drug dispersed within the polymer through the particle

4. CONT…
Nanocapsule can be defined as nano-vesicular systems that exhibit a typical core-shell structure in which the drug is confined to a reservoir or within a cavity surrounded by a polymer membrane or coating . The cavity can contain the active substance in liquid or solid form .
Nanoencapsulation involves forming drug loaded particles with diameters ranging from 1 to 1000 nm.

5. CoNT..
Nanoparticle
Nanospheres
Nanocapsule

6. Advantages of nanocapsules
Higher dose loading
Reduce irritation of drug at site of administration.
Greater protection from degradation during storage & after administration.
Site specific action.
Increase bioavailability of drug.
control and sustain release of the drug at the site of localization.
The system can be used for various routes of administration including oral, nasal, parenteral, intra-ocular etc
Improve patient compliance.

7. Need to study nanocapsule
Their main use is to –
1. Minimize drug degradation upon administration,
2. Prevent undesirable side effects,
3. Increase drug bioavailability,
4.Nanoparticulate carriers can be targeted to specific cells and locations within the body after intravenous and subcutaneous routes of injection.

8. Structure of nanocapsule

9. Method of preparation of nanocapsules
Nanoprecipitation method
Emulsion–diffusion method
Double emulsification method
Emulsion-coacervation method
Polymer-coating method

10. General formula of Nanoprecipitation method
Material
Suggested Composition
Active substance
10-25mg
Polymer
% of solvent
Oil
% of solvent
W/O Surfactant
Solvent
25ml
Stabilizer agent
% of non-solvent
Non-solvent
50ml

11. Nanoprecipitation method
Slow injection
(Dropwise and moderate stirring
Organic phase
Aqueous phase

12. Fig1.Set-up used for preparation of nanocapsules by the nanoprecipitation method.

13. Example of drugs Drugs Polymer Oil Core Solvent Activity Indomethacine
PCL Mw 60 kDa
Mineral oil
Acetone
Anti-inflammatory

14. General formula of Emulsion–diffusion method
Material
Suggested Composition
Active substance
10-50mg
Polymer
% of inner phase solvent
Oil
% of inner phase solvent
Inner phase solvent
10ml
Stabilizer agent
% of external phase solvent
External phase solvent
40ml
Dilution phase
200ml

15. Emulsiol diffusion method
Dilution Phase
Dilution Phase
Organic Phase
Emulsification
(High shear mixer)
Emulsification
(High shear mixer)
Diffusion
(Moderate stirring)
Diffusion
(Moderate stirring)
Aqueous phase

16. Fig2. Set-up used for preparation of nanocapsules by the emulsion–diffusion method.

17. Example of drug Drug Inner phase Polymer core solvent1
External phase Stabilizer solvent2 agent
Dilution phase
Use
Indomethacine
PCL Mw 10
Caprylic
Triglyceride
Ethyl acetate
PVA
poloxamer
Water
water
Anti-inflamatory

18. General formula of Double emulsification method
Material
Suggested composition
A)Inner aqueous phase
a)Active substance
0.5-25mg.
b)Water
ml.
B)Organic phase
a)Polymer
5-10% of organic phase solvent.
b)W/O surfactant
5-7 % of organic phase solvent
c)Solvent
1.5-5 ml
C)External aqueous phase
a)Stabilizer agent
1-5% of external aq. Phase solvent.
2 – 5 ml.

19. Double emulsification method
Aqueous Phase2
Organic Phase
Emulsification W/O
(Sonication)
Emulsification
(Sonication or high shear mixer)
Aqueous Phase1

20. Fig3. Set-up used for preparation of nanocapsules by the double emulsification method.

21. Example of drug Drug W1 phase Organic phase W2 phase Use Insulin
Active ingredient,
water
PLA Mw 10 kda ,
DCM, Sorbitan monoleate
Polysorbate 80,60 or 20,
Glycerin:water
antidiabetic

22. Emulsion-coacervation method
Coacervating agent
Organic phase
Emulsification
(machanical stirring or sonication)
Coacervation
(moderate stirring)
Aqueous phase

23. Fig4. Set-up used for preparation of nanocapsules by the emulsion-coacervation method.

24. Example of drug Drug Polymer Core Organic Phase Aqueous phase
Cross linking agent
Use
Turmeric oil
Sodium alginate Mw
80-120kDa
organic
Ethanol or
methanol
Sodium alginate,
Polysorbate80,
Water
Calcium chloride
Antifungal
Antibacteial
Antioxidant

25. Polymer-coating method
solvent removal
Oil phase
Formation of polymer coat
Emulsification o/w
(sonication)
Aqueous phase

26. Fig5.Set-up used for preparation of nanocapsules by the polymer-coating method

27. Example of drug Drug Organic phase Aqueous phase coating Use Salmon
calcitonin
Active ingredient,
Caprylic triglycerides,
acetone
Poloxamer 188, water
Chitosan oligomers
Calcium regulator

28. Concentration Purification Stabilisation
Nanoprecipitation,emulsion diffusion,double emulcification,emulsion coacervation,polymer coating
Concentration
(magnetic agitation,evaporation by vacuum)
Purification
(water washing,gel filtration)
Stabilisation
(spray drying,Lyophilisation)

29. Characterization of Nanocapsules
Nanocapsule zeta-potential
Nanocapsule dispersion pH
Nanocapsule shell thickness
Nanocapsule encapsulation efficiency

30. References
C.E. Mora-Huertasa, H. Fessi , A. Elaissari ,International Journal of Pharmaceutics-Polymer-based nanocapsules for drug delivery, Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France.
Nanoencapsulation - Methods for preparation of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles, Catarina Pinto Reis, Ronald J. Neufeld, Anto´ nio J. Ribeiro, Francisco Veiga.
Nagavarma B.V. , Hemant K.S.Yadav, Ayaz A, Vasudha L.S, Shivakumar H.G Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research , Vol 5, Suppl 3, 2012.

31. CONT..
I. Valente, L. J. del Valle, M. T. Casas, L. Franco1 A. Rodríguez-Galán, J. Puiggalí,D. Marchisio1, Nanospheres and nanocapsules of amphiphilic copolymers, Vol.7, Department Enginyeria Química,
E Barcelona, Spain.