1. The Tabernacle: Clothing Mike Harbrecht

2. Exodus 28:2 “And thou shalt make holy garments...”

4. “The Lord directed that they were not to wear ordinary clothing during their service, but they were to have ‘holy garments’ made by those whom the Lord had ‘filled with the spirit of wisdom.’ (see Exod. 28:2–3.) These sacred garments were to be passed from father to son along with the high priestly office itself.” 1 1

5. Exodus 28:4 “And these are the garments which they shall make… A breastplate, and an ephod, and a robe, a mitre, and a girdle…”

6. Priestly Clothing

7. Leviticus 8:13 “And Moses brought Aaron’s sons, and put coats upon them, and girded them with girdles, and put bonnets upon them; as the Lord commanded Moses.”

8. Priestly Clothing This is an interesting length not seen too often in underclothing.

9. Priestly Clothing Fine linen usually meant it was white.

10. Priestly Clothing Coat = Tunic (According to footnote for coat in LDS scriptures)

11. Priestly Clothing

12. The Israelite priest's sash was “wound under the breast, twice around the body, was tied in an ample bow or loop, and the ends reached to the ankles. It was thrown over the left shoulder while the priest was officiating.” 2 2

13. Priestly Clothing linen Ezekiel 44:18 “They shall have linen bonnets upon their heads.” The cap could have represented being a King or having a kingdom.

14. High Priestly Clothing Leviticus 8:6-9 “And Moses brought Aaron and his sons, and washed them with water. And he put upon him the coat, and girded him with the girdle, and clothed him with the robe, and put the ephod upon him…

15. High Priestly Clothing …and he girded him with the curious girdle of the ephod, and bound it unto him therewith. And he put the breastplate upon him: also he put in the breastplate the Urim and the Thummim…

16. High Priestly Clothing

17. fine linen Exodus 39:28 “And a mitre of fine linen…”

18. High Priestly Clothing Exodus 28:36-38 “And thou shalt make a plate of pure gold, and grave upon it, like the engravings of a signet, HOLINESS TO THE LORD… that it may be upon the mitre; upon the forefront of the mitre it shall be. And it shall be upon Aaron’s forehead…”

19. High Priestly Clothing

20. Exodus 28:36-38 “And thou shalt make a plate of pure gold, and grave upon it, like the engravings of a signet, HOLINESS TO THE LORD. And thou shalt put it on a blue lace, that it may be upon the mitre; upon the forefront of the mitre it shall be. And it shall be upon Aaron’s forehead…” Put it on = attach it with (according to footnote for “put it on” in LDS scriptures)

21. High Priestly Clothing In his book, The Gate of Heaven, Matthew Brown says, “It is not known exactly what type of crown was worn by the Israelite kings, but we do know that the high priest of the temple wore a crown of pure gold…

22. High Priestly Clothing linen …The crown of sanctification… (the round linen cap was to act as a cushion for a metal crown during a long ceremony). Later the cap alone would suffice, since it showed that the owner was qualified to wear the ‘crown of justification [the metal plate or crown].’” 4 4

23. High Priestly Clothing

24. …It is presumed that this cord was tied off at the back of the head and its excess end or ends hung down freely. Perhaps a parallel can be seen in the long, decorated ribbons or lappets that are so often depicted hanging from the back or sides of the crowns that were worn by the ancient kings of Assyria, Egypt, and other Near Eastern nations.” 5 5

25. High Priestly Clothing This is a Hebrew word left untranslated. In LDS scriptures, the footnote says this is a “special apron” which continues to gain scholarly support. 6 6

26. High Priestly Clothing “The exact function of the ephod is not known.” 7 7

27. High Priestly Clothing

29. For priests in Israel, a girdle held up the ephod and was called, “the curious girdle of the ephod.”

30. High Priestly Clothing “Attached to the ephod with golden chains and ouches (sockets or fasteners) was the breastplate (see vv. 13–29).” 9 9

31. High Priestly Clothing

33. “The symbolism of the high priest carrying Israel next to his heart lends added meaning to the promise that the Lord will some day select His 'jewels.’” 10 10

34. High Priestly Clothing D&C 60:4 “For I, the Lord, rule in the heavens above, and among the armies of the earth; and in the day when I shall make up my jewels, all men shall know what it is that bespeaketh the power of God.”

35. High Priestly Clothing D&C 101:3 “Yet I will own them, and they shall be mine in that day when I shall come to make up my jewels.”

36. High Priestly Clothing Exodus 28:30 “And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim…”

37. High Priestly Clothing

39. “Jesus, the Great High Priest, was clothed in a similar seamless garment prior to His Crucifixion (see John 19:23).” 11 11

40. High Priestly Clothing

42. Exodus 28:35 “And it shall be upon Aaron to minister: and his sound shall be heard when he goeth in unto the holy place before the Lord, and when he cometh out, that he die not.”

43. High Priestly Clothing

45. “The simile in [Proverbs 25:11], where the word is compared to an apple, suggests the idea that the pomegranates, with their pleasant odour, their sweet and refreshing juice, and the richness of their delicious kernel, were symbols of the word and testimony of God as a sweet and pleasant spiritual food, that enlivens the soul and refreshes the heart…

46. and that the bells were symbols of the sounding of this word, or the revelation and proclamation of the word. Through the robe, with this pendant attached, Aaron was represented as the recipient and medium of the word and testimony which came down from heaven…” [see Exodus 28:35].” 15 15

47. High Priestly Clothing

52. “…the priestly garments…were not to be discarded, but rather had to be burned in the temple during the Feast of Tabernacles.” 19 19

59. FootnoteSource Information 1 Cowan, Richard O. “I Have a Question,” Ensign, December 1973, 33. Quoted in Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13. 2 Wilkinson, Gardner L. The Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, 3 vols., New York: Scribner and Welford, 1879, 2:1735. Quoted in Brown, Matthew B. "Girded about with a Lambskin." Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 6, no. 2 (1997): 138-139. 3 Josephus, Flavius. The Complete Works of Flavius Josephus. Translated by William Whiston. Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 1960. Quoted in Madsen, Truman G. "Putting on the Names: A Christian Legacy." In By Study and Also by Faith: Essays in Honor of Hugh W. Nibley on the Occasion of His Eightieth Birthday, 2 vols., edited by John M. Lundquist and Stephen D. Ricks. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Company, 1990. 4 Nibley, Hugh, and Don E. Norton. Temple and Cosmos: Beyond This Ignorant Present. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Company, 1992, 55.

60. FootnoteSource Information 5 Brown, Matthew B. The Gate of Heaven: Insights on the Doctrines and Symbols of the Temple. American Fork: Covenant Communication, 1999, 129. Quoted in "Crowns With Strings, Ribbons, & Lappets.” Accessed May 7, 2014. http://www.templestudy.com/2008/04/16/crowns-with-strings- ribbons-lappets. http://www.templestudy.com/2008/04/16/crowns-with-strings- ribbons-lappets 6 Brown, Matthew B. "Girded about with a Lambskin." Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 6, no. 2 (1997): 132-133. 7 Cowan, Richard O. “I Have a Question,” Ensign, December 1973, 33. Quoted in Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13. 8 Old Testament Video Guide. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1991, 2001, 18. 9 Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13. 10 Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13.

61. FootnoteSource Information 11 Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13. 12 Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13. 13 Keil, Carl Friedrich and Franz Delitzsch. Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament, 10 vols. 1857-1878. Reprint, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 1975, 1:202-203. Quoted in Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13. 14 Keil, Carl Friedrich and Franz Delitzsch. Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament, 10 vols. 1857-1878. Reprint, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 1975, 1:202-203. Quoted in Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13. 15 Keil, Carl Friedrich and Franz Delitzsch. Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament, 10 vols. 1857-1878. Reprint, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 1975, 1:202-203. Quoted in Old Testament Student Manual Genesis-2 Samuel. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1980, 1981, 2003, chapter 13.

62. FootnoteSource Information 16 Parry, Donald W. "Ritual Anointing with Olive Oil in Ancient Israelite Religion." In The Allegory of the Olive Tree: The Olive, the Bible, and Jacob 5, edited by Stephen D. Ricks and John W. Welch. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Company, 1994. 17 See footnote 27 in Parry, Donald W. "Ritual Anointing with Olive Oil in Ancient Israelite Religion." In The Allegory of the Olive Tree: The Olive, the Bible, and Jacob 5, edited by Stephen D. Ricks and John W. Welch. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Company, 1994. 18 Parry, Donald W. "Ritual Anointing with Olive Oil in Ancient Israelite Religion." In The Allegory of the Olive Tree: The Olive, the Bible, and Jacob 5, edited by Stephen D. Ricks and John W. Welch. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Company, 1994. 19 Tvedtnes, John A. "Priestly Clothing in Bible Times." In Temples of the Ancient World: Ritual and Symbolism, edited by Donald W. Parry. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book and FARMS, 1994, 665.