1. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC1 Recent lessons: Emphasis on preparation measures Ricardo Zapata Martí Focal point for Disaster Assessments, ECLAC Special session on the preparations and response to disasters for the 2005 hurricane season in the Caribbean

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7. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC7 Hurricane season 2004 in figures Total of ECLAC assessed damage and losses 6,059 Ivan, Frances and Jeanne a/ Bahamas551 Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne Cayman Islands 3,432 Hurricane Ivan Dominican Republic 296 Tropical Storm Jeanne Grenada889 Hurricane Ivan Haiti296 Hurricane Jeanne Jamaica595 Hurricane Ivan Cuba (b) 1,500 Hurricanes Charly and Ivan Total (including Cuba) 7,559

8. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC8 Impact of 2004 Hurricane season in the Caribbean (cases analyzed by ECLAC)

9. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC9 Relative and absolute impact of damage and losses

10. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC10 Bahamas

11. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC11 Cayman Islands

12. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC12 Dominican Republic

13. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC13 Haïti

14. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC14 Jamaica

15. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC15 Grenada

16. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC16 Damage profile in the Caribbean Hurricane 2004 season

17. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC17 What does the past hurricane season shows us? Uneven, diverse preparation, response and recovery capacity among countries on account of size, exposed vulnerability and level of development.Uneven, diverse preparation, response and recovery capacity among countries on account of size, exposed vulnerability and level of development. Weight of public information on response and solidarity and emphasis on deaths and victims instead of on damage and needs.Weight of public information on response and solidarity and emphasis on deaths and victims instead of on damage and needs. Relative damage and losses put in evidence the strategic weight of size, local capacity and local risk management.Relative damage and losses put in evidence the strategic weight of size, local capacity and local risk management. Needs change from the emergency to the definition of the recovery framework : they are the object of different assements that should complement each other and the recovery needs depend on the recovery strategic framework that is adopted (negotiated with the affected population)Needs change from the emergency to the definition of the recovery framework : they are the object of different assements that should complement each other and the recovery needs depend on the recovery strategic framework that is adopted (negotiated with the affected population) Lack of appropriate and sufficient detail at the local level of scientific information that leads to risk management at the local levelLack of appropriate and sufficient detail at the local level of scientific information that leads to risk management at the local level Need to strengthen cooperative action in prevention and response cascading from the local community to the national, regional, wider Caribbean space and, ultimately, to the international communityNeed to strengthen cooperative action in prevention and response cascading from the local community to the national, regional, wider Caribbean space and, ultimately, to the international community Ned to strengthen institutional capacities and cooperation of actors and stakeholders –governments, national institutions, international, non- governmental and civil societyNed to strengthen institutional capacities and cooperation of actors and stakeholders –governments, national institutions, international, non- governmental and civil society

18. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC18 What may be anticipated looking at the 2005 hurricane season and beyond? Climate variability and changeClimate variability and change Coordination of needs assessment and coordination of responseCoordination of needs assessment and coordination of response Cooperation, solidarity and transfer of riskCooperation, solidarity and transfer of risk Needs, of an institutional nature and of resourcesNeeds, of an institutional nature and of resources –At the local / national level –At the regional / international level

19. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC19 DISASTERMANAGEMENT BEFORE: Prevention Prevention Early WarningEarly Warning EducationEducation DURING: Prompt response Prompt response Coordination and cooperationCoordination and cooperation Damage attention Damage attention and compensation AFTER: MitigationMitigation Recovery frameworkRecovery framework Physical, social, environmnentalPhysical, social, environmnental RECORDING AND LEARNING FROM THE EXPERIENCE Changes in policy and in risk management instruments: From response to adaptation and evolution

20. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC20 Elements that overlap for an appropriate preparadeness Hazard mapping (updating and disseminating Scientific information) Known vulnerabilities (incorporte local culture and update socioeconomicdata) Identification and ownership of risk

21. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC21 Preparedness measures: a perspective from ECLAC Towards an integrated framework for action and response from prevention to assistance and towards recovery frameworks and the inclusion of disaster and risk management in the national development agendas encompassing the MDGsTowards an integrated framework for action and response from prevention to assistance and towards recovery frameworks and the inclusion of disaster and risk management in the national development agendas encompassing the MDGs –What do countries need and what can the system provide: OCHA, UNDAC, UNDP, the UN system agencies and regional institutions –Sinergies between actions and regional institutions: CDERA, CEPREDENAC, AEC, CARICOM, SICA, and other subregional initiatives such as the Plan Puebla Panamá –The role of official and non government donors –The role of financial institutions

22. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC22 SEQUENCING OF EFFECTS AND HOW TO IMPROVE PREPAREDNESS PHENOMENON: Characteristics: Monitoring, modeling, prediction, early warning, response planning, communication, education of the population. Decentralization of actions, monitoring and modeling at local level, microzoning of hazard mapping and analysis EFFECTS Emergency: Upgrading, maintenance and supply of shelters and care giving localities. Conduct simulation exercies in schools, at the community level, with those responsible for response. Identification of needs: Immediate assesment, mechanisms to declare emergency and disaster situations, communication to population and donors. First needs assessment as lead to establishing preliminary assessment of damage and lossses to define recovery framework VULNERABILITY Impact Preparation cannot eliminate phenomena but can reduce their impact Early warning knowledge and decentralized response facilitates coordinated prevention by stakeholders Appropriate emergency management reduces immediate impact and damage Rapid identification of needs defines the scope of actions required and sppeds synergies between immediate needs, appeals, quantification of damage and losses, and the launching of the recovery process in an orderly fashion, avoiding improvisation and rebuilding or aggravating pre-existing vulnerability. HAZARD

23. R. Zapata-MartiECLAC/CEPAL/CEPALC23 Thank you Recent courses undertaken by ECLAC to use its methodology:Recent courses undertaken by ECLAC to use its methodology: –Cayman –World Bank (in Washington) –Trinidad and Tobago –OECS –Belize –Others, to be determined: Bahamas… ContactContact –www.eclac.cl/mexico (desastres) www.eclac.cl/mexico –www.cepal.cl/mexico (desastres) www.cepal.cl/mexico – ricardo.zapata@cepal.org ricardo.zapata@cepal.org – ricardo.zapata@eclac.org ricardo.zapata@eclac.org