1. Summary : Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Scientific Revolution What common themes and/or ideas were common to all three of these “movements of thought” that we have looked at in class? How did all three movements lead the Western world out of the “dark ages” of feudalism and toward a more modern age?

2. Definition 1: A system in which a monarch (king or queen) rules with complete and total power. This power was often claimed on the basis that it was the monarch's “divine right,” meaning “granted by God.”

3. Definition 2: A religious belief that the universe was created by a supreme being (God) and that it can be proven based on observation and study of nature, rather than participation in organized religion

4. Definition 3: An era in Western philosophy (primarily in the 17 th and 18 th centuries) during which the most influential thinkers stressed the value of reason (as opposed to faith or superstition) as the source of new knowledge

5. Definition 4: Name given to the economists, scientists, philosophers, and writers who embodied the ideas of the Enlightenment. They shared the idea that all beliefs and institutions should be subjected to a critique based on rational thought.

6. Definition 5: The idea that all humans enter the world possessing certain rights, and that no government or ruler can take these rights away. Some would say these rights come from God, others would say they are just inherent to all human beings.

7. Definition 6: The power to govern over a country (or some other territory) without any outside interference

8. Definition 7: Freedom from external control; the ability to follow one's own free will

9. Definition 8: Excessive government control; abusive government power that denies individual rights

10. Definition Answers 1. Absolutism 2. Deism 3. Enlightenment 4. Philosophes 5. Natural Rights 6. Sovereignty 7. Liberty 8. Tyranny

11. Enlightenment Preview Vocabulary Enlightenment Philosophe (French word) Natural Rights Absolutism Sovereignty Tyranny Deism Liberty Create a short paragraph in which you use all of these words in proper context.