1. BIOMASS: BIOFUEL SUSTAINABILITY SHAWN WEYHENMEYER TENEISHA OUTLAW HASSAN ALQAHTANI JEFFREY ROEDELL

2. BIOFUEL WHAT IS BIOFUEL? WHAT IS BIOFUEL? WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF BIOFUEL. WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF BIOFUEL. WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF BIOFUEL. WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF BIOFUEL. SUSTAINABILITY OF BIOFUEL. SUSTAINABILITY OF BIOFUEL.

3. BIOFUEL DEFINITION DEFINITION LIVING ORGANISMS LIVING ORGANISMS FORMS FORMS SOLID SOLID LIQUID LIQUID GAS GAS

4. PRODUCTION GROWN GROWN SPECIFIC FOR BIOFUEL SPECIFIC FOR BIOFUEL COLLECTED BYPRODUCTS COLLECTED BYPRODUCTS TIMBERING TIMBERING AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE ORGANIC WASTE ORGANIC WASTE

5. BIOMASS TO BIOFUEL THERMAL CONVERSION THERMAL CONVERSION THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION BIOCHEMICAL CONVERSION BIOCHEMICAL CONVERSION CHEMICAL CONVERSION CHEMICAL CONVERSION

6. THERMAL CONVERSION BIOMASS DIRECTLY BURNED BIOMASS DIRECTLY BURNED COMBUSTION COMBUSTION PYROLYSIS PYROLYSIS TORREFACTION TORREFACTION

7. THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION HEATED HEATED PROCESSED PROCESSED BIO-COAL BIO-COAL

8. BIOCHEMICAL CONVERSION ORGANIC MATERIAL ORGANIC MATERIAL MICROORGANISMS MICROORGANISMS DIGESTED AND FERMENTED DIGESTED AND FERMENTED

9. CHEMICAL CONVERSIONS CHEMICALS DIRECTLY ADDED CHEMICALS DIRECTLY ADDED BIODIESL BIODIESL

11. COLLECTING BIOMASS

12. ADVANTAGES RENEWABLE RESOURCE: MOST FOSSIL FUELS WILL RUN OUT BUT BIOFUEL WON’T. RENEWABLE RESOURCE: MOST FOSSIL FUELS WILL RUN OUT BUT BIOFUEL WON’T. EASY TO GET: BIOFUEL COMES FROM WASTE FROM PLANTS AND ANIMALS. WASTE IS ALWAYS ACCESSIBLE AND EASY TO GET. EASY TO GET: BIOFUEL COMES FROM WASTE FROM PLANTS AND ANIMALS. WASTE IS ALWAYS ACCESSIBLE AND EASY TO GET. GREENHOUSE GASES: FOSSIL FUELS RELEASE CARBON DIOXIDE INTO THE ATMOSPHERE WHICH IS RUINING THE ENVIRONMENT, THAT WONT BE A PROBLEM WITH BIOFUEL. GREENHOUSE GASES: FOSSIL FUELS RELEASE CARBON DIOXIDE INTO THE ATMOSPHERE WHICH IS RUINING THE ENVIRONMENT, THAT WONT BE A PROBLEM WITH BIOFUEL.

13. ADVANTAGES GOOD FOR THE ECONOMY: IMPORTING AND EXPORTING OILS CAN BE VERYEXPENSIVE SO USING BIOFUELS COULD HELP THE COUNTRY FINANCIALLY. GOOD FOR THE ECONOMY: IMPORTING AND EXPORTING OILS CAN BE VERYEXPENSIVE SO USING BIOFUELS COULD HELP THE COUNTRY FINANCIALLY. BIOFUEL FACTORIES ARE LESS DEADLY: WHEN THERE IS AN ACCIDENT AT AN OIL PLANT IT CAN CAUSE HARM TO MILLIONS AND BIOFUEL ACCIDENTS AREN’T AS CATASTROPHIC. BIOFUEL FACTORIES ARE LESS DEADLY: WHEN THERE IS AN ACCIDENT AT AN OIL PLANT IT CAN CAUSE HARM TO MILLIONS AND BIOFUEL ACCIDENTS AREN’T AS CATASTROPHIC. REDUCES THE DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL: IT WOULD BE BETTER TO NOT DEPEND ON ANYONE FOR ANYTHING, ESPECIALLY WHEN TO COMES TO REALLY IMPORTANT THINGS LIKE A COUNTRY’S FUEL. REDUCES THE DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL: IT WOULD BE BETTER TO NOT DEPEND ON ANYONE FOR ANYTHING, ESPECIALLY WHEN TO COMES TO REALLY IMPORTANT THINGS LIKE A COUNTRY’S FUEL.

14. RENEWABLE ENERGY USED IN THE US

15. HEALTH BENEFITS EVERY YEAR IN THE UNITED STATES APPROXIMATELY 10,000 PEOPLE DIE FROM POLLUTION FROM GASOLINE. IF BIOFUEL WERE TO BE USED AS GASOLINE LESS PEOPLE WOULD DIE BECAUSE BIOFUEL ISN’T NEARLY AS DISASTROUS. COMPARED TO REGULAR DIESEL FUEL BIOFUEL DOESN’T RELEASE THE SMOG INTO THE AIR THAT CAUSES THINGS LIKE ASTHMA. EVERY YEAR IN THE UNITED STATES APPROXIMATELY 10,000 PEOPLE DIE FROM POLLUTION FROM GASOLINE. IF BIOFUEL WERE TO BE USED AS GASOLINE LESS PEOPLE WOULD DIE BECAUSE BIOFUEL ISN’T NEARLY AS DISASTROUS. COMPARED TO REGULAR DIESEL FUEL BIOFUEL DOESN’T RELEASE THE SMOG INTO THE AIR THAT CAUSES THINGS LIKE ASTHMA.

16. DISADVANTAGES HIGH COST OF PRODUCTION HIGH COST OF PRODUCTION BIOFUELS ARE EXPENSIVE TO PRODUCE IN THE CURRENT MARKET. BIOFUELS ARE EXPENSIVE TO PRODUCE IN THE CURRENT MARKET. REQUIRED CAPITAL INVESTMENT IS HIGH COMPARED TO DEMAND. REQUIRED CAPITAL INVESTMENT IS HIGH COMPARED TO DEMAND. MONOCULTURE MONOCULTURE BIOFUEL PRODUCTION PROMOTES MONOCULTUREAGRICULTURE. BIOFUEL PRODUCTION PROMOTES MONOCULTUREAGRICULTURE.

17. DISADVANTAGES EXTENSIVE USE OF FERTILIZERS EXTENSIVE USE OF FERTILIZERS PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS WILL INCREASE THE USE OF FERTILIZER IN EXTENSIVE AGRICULTURE. PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS WILL INCREASE THE USE OF FERTILIZER IN EXTENSIVE AGRICULTURE. FOOD SHORTAGES FOOD SHORTAGES BIOFUEL PRODUCTION WILL TAKE UP AGRICULTURAL SPACE FOR FOOD CROPS. BIOFUEL PRODUCTION WILL TAKE UP AGRICULTURAL SPACE FOR FOOD CROPS. THIS WILL INCREASE FOOD GLOBAL FOOD INSECURITY. THIS WILL INCREASE FOOD GLOBAL FOOD INSECURITY.

18. DISADVANTAGES LITTLE IMPACT ON INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION. LITTLE IMPACT ON INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION. LESS CARBON FOOTPRINT OF BIOFUELS GAINS TAKEN UP BY INDUSTRIAL EMISSION IN BIOFUELS PRODUCTION. LESS CARBON FOOTPRINT OF BIOFUELS GAINS TAKEN UP BY INDUSTRIAL EMISSION IN BIOFUELS PRODUCTION. LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION DOES NOT REDUCE INDUSTRIAL LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION DOES NOT REDUCE INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS. EMISSIONS. FUTURE PRICES FUTURE PRICES INEFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES INEFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES NEW TECHNOLOGIES WILL INCREASE COST OF BIOFUELS IN THE FUTURE. NEW TECHNOLOGIES WILL INCREASE COST OF BIOFUELS IN THE FUTURE.

19. SUSTAINABILITY OF BIOFUEL IMPORTANT ISSUE WHICH WILL AFFECT GENERATIONS TO COME ECONOMICALLY COMPETITIVE CONSERVE NATURAL RESOURCE BASE & ENSURE SOCIAL WELL BEING STRICT ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS & SAFEGUARDS PUT IN PLACE

20. RESEARCH AND ECONOMICS LOTS OF RESEARCH HAS BEEN AND CONTINUES TO BE DONE MONEY IS AN ISSUE LARGE OIL COMPANIES SUCH AS SHELL HAVE INVESTED BIG MONEY ECONOMIC ANALYSES CONTINUE TO BE CONDUCTED

21. SOCIAL DIMENSION KEEPING PEOPLE INVESTED INTO BIOFUEL INDUSTRY KEEPING THOSE CONCERNED WITH THE ENVIRONMENT HAPPY DECISIONS ARE MADE TO BENEFIT THESE PEOPLE

22. THE PROCESS OF MAKING BIOFUEL SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER THE PROCESS COMBINES “BIOFUELS, SUCH AS PROPANE, GASOLINE, JET FUEL AND DIESEL, THAT ARE EQUIVALENT TO PETROLEUM-DERIVED FUELS, ENABLING DIRECT SUBSTITUTION WITH EXISTING FUELS AND PROVIDING RENEWABLE OPTIONS ACROSS THE SPECTRUM OF FUEL NEEDS.” ALLOWS BIOFUEL TO BECOME MORE ABUNDANT BIOFUEL SUSTAINABILITY RELIES UPON NEW ADVANCES IN FUEL INDUSTRY

23. ADVANTAGES COST BENEFIT RENEWABLE LOW LEVELS OF POLLUTION

24. DISADVANTAGES HIGH COST OF PRODUCTION WATER FERTILIZERS

25. SHELL SHELL HAS PLAYED A LARGE ROLE IN BIOFUEL SUSTAINABILITY PURCHASE BIOFUEL PRODUCED IN A SUSTAINABLE WAY ACCORDING TO SHELL’S WEBSITE, “IN 2007 WE INTRODUCED A POLICY THAT GOVERNS THE WAY WE WORK WITH OUR SUPPLIERS ON SUSTAINABILITY.” POLICY REQUIRES SUPPLIERS TO SHELL TO COMPLY WITH REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS AND RESPECT THE RIGHT OF HUMANS DURING THE PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS

26. RESOURCES HTTP://WWW.UNDEERC.ORG/EXPERTISE/CENTERS-FOR-RENEWABLE-ENERGY-AND-BIOMASS- UTILIZATION.ASPX HTTP://WWW.CONSERVE-ENERGY-FUTURE.COM/ADVANTAGES-AND-DISADVANTAGES-OF-BIOFUELS.PHP HTTP://WWW.SHELL.US/ENERGY-AND-INNOVATION/TOMORROWS-ENERGY-RESOURCES.HTML SCRAGG, A. (2009). BIOFUELS, PRODUCTION, APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT. CAMBRIDGE, MA: CABI. SCRAGG, A. (2009). BIOFUELS, PRODUCTION, APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT. CAMBRIDGE, MA: CABI. BORRA, S. ET AL (2013).THE POLITICS OF BIOFUELS, LAND AND AGRARIAN CHANGE. NEW YORK, ROUTLEDGE. BORRA, S. ET AL (2013).THE POLITICS OF BIOFUELS, LAND AND AGRARIAN CHANGE. NEW YORK, ROUTLEDGE.