1. Need to Know Info

2.  4000 BC – 3000 BC  Illness caused by demons and evil spirits – punishment from Gods  Religion did not allow dissection  Witch doctors used herbs and plants to drive out evil spirits

3.  3000 BC – 300 BC  First to record health records  Most people couldn’t read  Priests acted as physicians

4.  1700 BC – 220 AD  Believed in the need to cure the spirit and nourish the entire body  Holistic health stressed treating mind, body, and soul

5.  1200 BC – 200 BC  Hippocrates called the Father of Medicine  Established that disease caused by natural causes  First to stress good diet and cleanliness to prevent disease

6.  753 BC – 410 AD  Established first hospitals by caring for soldiers in their homes  Built sewers and aqueducts (waterways) **Life span of Primitive / Ancient times was 20 – 35 years

7.  400 AD – 800 AD  After fall of Roman empire study of medicine stopped / prohibited  Monks and priests stressed prayer to treat illness and disease

8.  800 AD – 1400 AD  Renewed interest in medical practices of Greeks and Romans  Monks translated writings of Greek and Roman physicians  Medical universities created in 9 th century  Arabs first to require physicians to pass examinations to obtain license  Bubonic plague killed 75% of population of Europe and Asia **Life span 20-35 years

9.  1350 AD – 1650 AD  Renewed interest in science  Dissection accepted  Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci drew the body accurately  Development of printing press resulted in publication of medical books – knowledge spread rapidly  Actual causes of disease still a mystery **Life span 30 – 40 years

10.  Circulation of blood discovered  Leeuwenhoek invented microscope – able to see microorganisms  Apothecaries developed (first pharmacies) – they made, prescribed and sold medications mostly made from plants and herbs **Life span 40 – 50 years

11.  Industrial revolution  Formal training for nurses began  Infection control developed  Women became active participants in health care  Many vaccines and medications developed  Stethoscope created in 1819 **Life span 40 – 60 years

12.  Rapid growth in health care  New machines to view inside body  Medicines – insulin, antibiotics, vaccines  Structure of DNA and how it carries genetic information discovered  Health care plans (insurance) began **Life span 60 – 70 years

13.  Rene LaennecWilhelm Roentgen  Joseph PriestlyPaul Ehrlich  Benjamin FranklinSigmund Freud  Edward JennerAlexander Fleming  Ignaz SemmelweisJonas Salk  Louis PasteurAlbert Sabin  Joseph ListerFrancis Crick  Ernst von BergmannJames Watson  Robert KochBen Carson

14.  Elizabeth Blackwell (first female doctor in United States – 1849 – Graduated from Geneva Medical College, Geneva, New York)  Florence Nightengale  Clara Barton  Lillian Wald