1. Transformations Around the Globe
Chapter 12

2. China Resists Outside Influence
Section 1

3. China and the West China is self-sufficient
Silks, cotton and porcelain
export more than import
British smuggle opium into China
1835 – 12 million Chinese are addicted
Qing emperor asks British to stop but they do not
(quick-growing rice, mining, manufacturing industries, natural resources)

4. China and the West Opium War (1839)
China loses and Britain gets Hong Kong
Foreigners do not have to follow Chinese laws at five ports (extraterritorial rights)

5. Internal Problems
Population grows + food production does not (leads to famines and increased opium use)
Hong Xiuquan organizes Taiping Rebellion -> peasant army wins control of government for 11 years
More than 20 million die

6. Foreign Influence
The Dowager Empress updates China’s education system and military
China still loses wars to foreigners who gain spheres of influence (foreign nation controls trade in a certain area)
U.S. issues the Open Door Policy

7. Chinese Nationalism The Dowager Empress stops reforms
Peasants are upset with this and that foreigners have special privileges
Boxer Rebellion – 1900 – peasants attack foreigners in Beijing but are defeated by a multinational force
Nationalism increases
Chinese want their govt. to make reforms

8. Extraterritorial rights in 19th century China benefitted __________ the most.
To improve the balance of _______ between Britain and China, British merchants smuggled _________ into China.
A rebel government was established in southeastern China during the __________ Rebellion.

9. Modernization in Japan
Section 3

10. Japan Ends its Isolation
Refuses to open their ports for trade (just like Chinese)
1853 – American naval fleet is sent into Tokyo Harbor to shock and frighten the Japanese
Treaty of Kanagwa – Japan opens two ports to U.S. for trade
Feudal society ruled by shoguns
Cut off from the rest of the world

11. Mutsuhito Establishes a New Govt.
Meiji Era – modernize
Adapted aspects of foreign culture they admired
American education system
Germany’s centralized govt. and military discipline
Industrialize and develop modern industries
May Gee – enlightened era

12. Imperial Japan 1890 strongest military power in Asia
Get rid of extraterritorial rights
Japan wants to show the world they are powerful
Sigh - no

13. Imperial Japan
Japanese and Chinese want Korea as a trading outpost and to protect themselves
Both agree not to send troops into Korea
Chinese send troops when Korean king asks for help during rebellion
Japan sends its military into Korea = Sino-Japanese War
China’s navy is destroyed and Japan gains Taiwan
Russia and Japan are now the dominant powers in E. Asia

14. Russo-Japanese War Russia refuses to stay out of Korea
Japan attacks Russian ships near Manchuria
Russian navy is destroyed
Japan gains control of Manchuria and Korea
Japanese are harsh rulers
Shut down newspapers and take over schools (make kids study Japanese language and culture)
Took their land
Korean nationalism increases

15. U.S. Economic Imperialism
Section 3

16. Latin America After Independence
Powerful landowners pay their poor workers with vouchers
Wages were low and prices were high in the stores controlled by the landowners
Workers go into debt

17. Latin America After Independence
Army leaders during independence movements become dictators (caudillos)
Wealthy landowners support them

18. Economies Trade more beef, fruits, vegetables
Import manufactured goods from Europe and U.S.
Do not develop their own manufacturing industries
Receive loans from Western countries to develop exporting industries
Western countries take their industries over when they cannot pay back their loans

19. A Latin American Empire
U.S. issues the Monroe Doctrine (1823) – Europeans are not to colonize anywhere in the Western Hemisphere
U.S. helps Cuba beat the Spanish (Spanish-American War)
U.S. establishes a military base in Cuba and gains control of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam

20. Panama Canal
U.S. helps Panama (previously controlled by Colombia) gain independence
U.S. obtains a ten-mile wide zone to build a canal
Canal opens in 1914
Sea travel from the east to the west of the U.S. = 13,000 miles
6,5000 miles if a canal was built in Central America

22. Roosevelt Corollary Extension to the Monroe Doctrine
U.S. = “international police power” in the Western Hemisphere
U.S. occupies L. American countries for decades

23. Turmoil and Change in Mexico
Section 4

24. Santa Ana and the Mexican War
Helps Mexico gain independence
Mexican president 4 times
Loses battle over Texas
Loses Mexican-American War -> U.S. obtains American Southwest

25. Juarez and La Reforma From Oaxaca Zapotec Indian Major goals:
Redistribution of land
Separation of church and state
More education for the poor
Civil war = Juarez (liberals) beats the conservatives
French take over Mexico for five years
Juarez defeats the French (1867) and begins reforms

26. Porfirio Diaz and “Order and Progress”
Army leader removes Juarez from power
Gave land to anyone who supported him
No real elections
Railroads and banks expanded
Rich get richer

27. Revolution and Civil War
Madero – exiled by Diaz
“Pancho” Villa organizes an army in the north
Zapata in the South
Want land returned to peasants and small farmers
Diaz steps down
Madero is elected president (1911)
Huerta takes over (1913)
Carranza (politician) gains power, kills Zapata, revises the Constitution, is taken over by Obregon who initiates land and education reform
Obregon is assassinated (1928) – PRI takes over