1. Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Diplomonads Ex: Giardia lamblia Characteristics: Two nuclei Motisomes No ETC Anaerobic

2. Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Parabasalids Ex: Trichomonas vaginalis Characteristics: Modified flagella and undulating membrane Hydrogenosomes Anaerobic with H 2 O 2 by-product Causes: Vaginitis

3. Supergroup: Excavata Clade 2 : Euglenozoans Clade 3 : Euglnids Ex: Euglena sp. Characteristics: Anterior pocket with one or two flagella Mixotrophic

4. Supergroup: Excavata Clade 2 : Euglenozoans Clade 3 : Kinetoplastids Ex: Trypanosoma sp. Characteristics: Single, large mitochondrion with kintoplast (mass of DNA) Causes: African sleeping sickness and Chagas diseas Vector: TseTse fly (Africa)

5. Supergroup: Chromalveolata Clade 1 : Alveolata Clade 2 : Dinoflagellates Ex: Dinoflagellate Characteristics: Reinforced cellular plates Two flagella (1 apical, 1 between grooved plates) Mixothroph Causes: Red tides

6. Supergroup: Chromalveolata Clade 1 : Alveolata Clade 2 : Apicoplexans Ex: Plasmodium sp. Characteristics: Sporozoite Internal parasites Causes: Malaria Vector: Anopheles mosquito Plasmodium

7. Supergroup: Chromalveolata Clade 1 : Alveolata Clade 2 : Ciliates Ex: Spriostomun, Vorticella, Paramecium Characteristics: Cilia Two nuclei (micro and macro) SpirostomumVorticella

8. Conjugation: occurs when micro nuclei are exchanged side by side Transverse binary fission: asexual reproduction that occurs end to end

9. Supergroup: Chromalveolata Clade 1 : Stramenopila Clade 2 : Diatoms Characteristics: Flagella with numerous hair like projections Cell walls of overlapping silica tests (frutule)

10. Supergroup: Chromalveolata Clade 1 : Stramenopila Clade 2 : Golden algae Characteristics: Yellow or brown coloration caused by carotinoids (xanthophyll) Bi-flagellated cells

11. Supergroup: Chromalveolata Clade 1 : Stramenopila Clade 2 : Brown algae Characteristics: Carotene and fucoxanthin in plasmids Intertidal sp. Have cell wall of algin and cellulose Fucus Laminaria Sargassum Stipe Thallus Air bladders Holdfast

12. Ostioles Conceptacle Antheridia Sperm Paraphyses

13. Ostioles Conceptacle Eggs Paraphyses Oogonia

14. Supergroup: Chromalveolata Clade 1 : Stramenopila Clade 2 : Oomycetes Characteristics: Hyphae with cellulose cell walls Lack plastids (double membrane organelles) Parasites or decomposers Caused: French wine crisis and potato famine

15. Supergroup: Rhizaria Clade 2 : Forams Characteristics: Amoebas with thin pseudopodia Calcium carbonate test Make up sedimentary rock

16. Supergroup: Rhizaria Clade 2 : Radiolarians Characteristics: Amoebas with thin pseudopodia Delicate silica skeleton

17. Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Red algae Characteristics: Red color caused by pigment phycoerythrin Lack flagellated sperm Chondrus Corallina

18. Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Chlorophytes Characteristics: Chlorophyll A and B, Carotenoids Ex: Chara, Acetabularia, Ulva, and Cladophora CharaAcetabularia

19. UlvaCladophora Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Chlorophytes Characteristics: Chlorophyll A and B, Carotenoids Ex: Chara, Acetabularia, Ulva, and Cladophora

20. Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Charophytes Characteristics: Chlorophyll A and B, Carotenoids Closets relative to land plants Rings of cellulose synthesizing proteins Peroxisome enzymes Structure of flagellated sperm Formation of phragmoplast Ex: Desmids, Volvox, Protococcus, Spirogyra, Ulothrix

21. Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Charophytes Ex: Desmids Characteristics: Unicellular with isthmus

22. Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Charophytes Ex: Volvox Characteristics: Colonial species in spherical layer held together by protoplasmic strands

23. Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Charophytes Ex: Protococcus Characteristics: Unicellular or found in small colonies Found in thin, green coverings on the moist side of rocks, trees and soil

24. Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Charophytes Ex: Spirpgyra Characteristics: Multicellular filaments Isogametes (male and female gametes are the same size)

25. Supergroup: Archaeplastidia Clade 2 : Charophytes Ex: Ulothrix Characteristics: Multicellular, haploid filaments with single, bracket-like filament in each Holdfast

26. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade 1 : Ameobozoans Clade 2 : Slime molds Clade 3 : Plasmodial slime mold Characteristics: Brightly colored Multinucleated hyphae (coenocytic)

27. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade 1 : Ameobozoans Clade 2 : Slime molds Clade 3 : Cellular slime mold Characteristics: Clear with septate hyphae

28. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade 1 : Ameobozoans Clade 2 : Gymnameobas Characteristics: Broad pseudopods and lack of test

29. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade 1 : Ameobozoans Clade 2 : Entameobas Characteristics: Parasitic ameobas