2. ATMOSPHERE I Intro Layers of the Atmosphere Air Pressure http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6jIMkPwahQ

3. EARTH- 3 RD ROCK FROM THE SUN …

4. VITAL STATISTICS Age= Orbit = Rotation= 70% Water Pole to Pole 12,714 km 4.6 billion years 365.24 days 23 hours 56 min

5. VITAL STATISTICS Equator 12,756 km 199 million square miles One of the Terrestrial planets (Earth, Mars, Mercury, Venus)…with a small mass

6. VOCABULARY  Weather- condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time/place  Atmosphere- layer of gases that surround the planet.  Climate - set of particular weather conditions averaged over a period of time.

7. WHY DO WE NEED THE ATMOSPHERE?  1-Traps 02 and other gases so we can breath!  2-Keeps H20 at a liquid state!  3-Protects us from dangerous levels of radiation (EM)

8. IV. EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE  78% of the Earth’s atmosphere is _______  21% of the Earth’s atmosphere is _______  1% of the Earth’s atmosphere is made up of Ozone, CO2, H20 and Argon (trace materials) Nitrogen Oxygen

9. THE EARTH’S EARLY ATMOSPHERE  Hydrogen, Ammonia (toxic) and Methane (toxic). These gasses were light and with the Earth’s small gravity + the sun were broken up.

10. HOW DID WE GET THE ATMOSPHERE THAT WE HAVE TODAY?  1) WE know that Volcanoes emit Nitrogen, CO2 and H20.

11.  2) Comets may have pounded the Earth bringing water and other elements with them.

12. WHERE DID OUR WATER COME FROM? Ancient plant life and the process of photosynthesis helped to create oxygen. Water is split by UV light. Hydrogen rises and leaves the Oxygen.

13. HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=5TZ8OYUT4E0

14. NITROGEN  Helps to repair body cells  Some plants convert nitrogen into nitrates…we eat plants/animals that have converted nitrates into protein.

15. OXYGEN  Respiration  Fire  Rust

16. CO2  Photosynthesis  Factories, Car exhaust, raise CO2 level. 

17. OTHER PLANETS ATMOSPHERE’S  __________ and the Moon have no atmosphere (small size)  __________ and Mars are similar to the Earth (they have a secondary atmosphere)  __________ and Saturn have their original atmosphere (large size) Mercury Venus Jupiter

18.  Our atmosphere is compressed. This is why it is more difficult to breathe at higher altitudes…the air is less dense and thinner (less oxygen.)

19. LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CerJbZ-dm0

20. TROPOSPHERE  Lowest layer  Weather occurs here  Shallow layer, but the most mass

21. STRATOSPHERE  Stable air

22. OZONE LAYER  80,000 feet and up  O2 is broken by UV (high energy/frequency) which eventually forms O3 or ozone. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLY8m-dXOxo

23. MESOSPHERE  “middle” layer  Meteorites burn up

24. THERMOSPHERE  HOT!  Closer to sun  No defined limit  2 parts (Ionosphere and Exosphere)

25.  A. Ionosphere  Electrically charged particles  B. Exosphere- “outer”  Satellites

26. GREENHOUSE EFFECT The Greenhouse effect doesn’t create heat, it slows the loss of heat. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ab6jV4VBWZE

28. AIR PRESSURE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJHJsA7bYGc&i ndex=4&list=RDQeAp3CuGjk8

29. WHY IS AIR PRESSURE IMPORTANT?  It creates wind/weather! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiYyCurh_SU&in dex=6&list=RDQeAp3CuGjk8

30.  Air pressure- weight of the atmosphere (molecules) per unit area over a surface.  Balanced because all molecules are receiving pressure in all directions.

31. HOW DO WE MEASURE AIR PRESSURE?  Barometer- instrument used to find air pressure.  Record pressure in Pascals (Pa) or millibars. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRxglLS1YWI

32. AIR PRESSURE VARIES  Sea Level- 1013 mb (millibars)  Denver, CO- 835 mb due to the higher altitude

33. AIR PRESSURE VARIES  Air pressure changes with temperature.  As molecules move further apart there is less pressure. As molecules move closer together (colder weather) more pressure.

34. AIR PRESSURE VARIES  Warm air moves molecules faster and further apart (they rise)  Cold air moves molecules slower and closer together (they sink) Convection!

35. AIR PRESSURE VARIES  Humidity can effect air pressure.  Water vapor causes air to be lighter (less N and O are present) 97%  Dry air 99% N,O