1. RATES OF WEATHERING Factors of Rates of Weathering 1. Parent Material (The rocks themselves) - Igneous and metamorphic most resistant, sedimentary least resistant because of pores. 2. Surface Area 3. Climate - Warm and wet = chemical weathering Cold and Dry = mechanical weathering

2. EROSION EROSION - The breakup and removal of rock by moving natural agents (rivers, glaciers, wind, water)

3. Mass Movements General term used for rock fragments moving down a slope What is causing this erosion to occur? Can happen either fast or slow.

4. Talus Slopes - Large piles of rock that break off and pile up at the bottom of a hill

6. Landslides Sudden movement of masses of loose rocks. Triggered by: Earthquakes Rainfall Thaws Volcanoes

8. Mudflow - Fast movement of large masses of mud. Occur in dry, mountainous regions during fast, heavy rainfalls or volcanic eruptions

10. Rockfall Rockfall - Rocks falling from a steep cliff. This is the most rapid type of mass movement.

13. Creep - very slow down hill movement of weathered rock material. Usually goes unnoticed unless it hits a building or something. Creeps can include rocks, plants, buildings, etc.

14. SOILS Soils - soil science = PEDOLOGY Most important result of weathering and erosion is soil Two general classes of soil: A. residual soil - soil made from local bedrock B. Transport soil - soil that was moved by wind, or glacier

15. Factors determining soil makeup and Formation 1. Climate - Rainfall amount and temperature (most important) 2. Parent Rock - Type and chemical composition 3. Vegetation - Roots and Leaves 4. Topography - hilliness, etc. 5. Time - how long to develop