1. How Minerals Form

2. From magma or lava Atoms form crystal structures as they cool Atoms form crystal structures as they cool Crystals from magma deep in the ground tend to be large because of slow cooling Crystals from magma deep in the ground tend to be large because of slow cooling Crystals from magma near the surface and lava tend to be small because of quick cooling Crystals from magma near the surface and lava tend to be small because of quick cooling

3. Minerals from solution When the elements and compounds that are dissolved in water leave a solution, crystallization occurs When the elements and compounds that are dissolved in water leave a solution, crystallization occurs

4. Minerals from solution Evaporites – minerals that form when water evaporates and leaves crystals behind Evaporites – minerals that form when water evaporates and leaves crystals behind

5. Veins – narrow channel or slab of mineral that is different than the surrounding rock Veins – narrow channel or slab of mineral that is different than the surrounding rock Veins are formed from minerals dissolved in very hot water and crystallize in the cracks of rock. Veins are formed from minerals dissolved in very hot water and crystallize in the cracks of rock. Minerals from hot solution

6. Classifying Minerals

7. Mineral Groups Most minerals are made from only 8 elements Most minerals are made from only 8 elements OSiAlFe CaNaKMg

8. There are 12 rock forming minerals There are 12 rock forming minerals FeldsparQuartz Calcite Calcite

9. Minerals are classified by their composition Minerals are classified by their composition Silicates – Si, O ( Most common) Carbonates – C with 3 O Sulfates – S with four O

10. Halides – contains Cl, F, I, Br Halides – contains Cl, F, I, Br Oxides – O with another element Oxides – O with another element Sulfides – S with another element Sulfides – S with another element Native Elements Native Elements

11. Classify each into a mineral group Siderite (FeCO 3 ) Talc (Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 ) Cinnabar (HgS) Silver (Ag) Barite (BaSO 4 ) Enstatite (MgSiO 3 ) Malachite (Cu 2 CO 3 (OH) 2 ) Sylvite (KCl) Carbonate Silicate Sulfide Native element Sulfate Silicate Carbonate Halide