1. Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf 20101 MusicXML and MEI Music 253 Stanford University Winter 2010 Craig Stuart Sapp 2005 Rev. E. S.-F. Winter 2010

2. Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf 20102 Purpose image from: http://recordare.com/xml.html Primary function of MusicXML is data interchange between programs: Designed for encoding common-practice western music notation. Finale MuseData Sibelius SCORE Guido MuseScore Humdrum Lilypond

3. Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf 20103 MusicXML Development June 2001 : Alpha version of MusicXML 0.3 available March 2002: First commercial release of MusicXML 0.6 (Import plugin comes with Finale 2003) Jan 2004: MusicXML 1.0 released July 2007 MusicXML 2.0 (Java-based), rev. 2008 Current DTD at http://www.recordare.com/xsd/index.html http://recordare.com/xml.html Developer = Michael Good

4. Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf 20104 Dolet plugin for Finale Primary implementation as a plugin called Dolet for Finale: http://store.recordare.com/doletfin2.htmlhttp://www.finalemusic.com/finale/plugin-devkit.asp Write your own plugins for Finale:

5. Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf 20105 XML Tree Structure...... Shorthands: == value analogous to: tag subtagsubtag2 subsubtag http://www.people.virginia.edu/~pdr4h/xmlresources/XMLstepbystep.pdf An Introduction to XML file structure: attributes:

6. Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf 20106 MusicXML Structure............ partwise score most common each part listed serially part consists of measures measures contain (1) s (items with duration) and (2) s (items without duration such as clef, time signature, key signature, etc.) (3) s (dynamics) (4) (tempo)

7. Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf 20107 Note Element C 5 1 16th down see: http://recordare.com/xml/musicxml-index.html logical duration graphical duration http://esf.ccarh.org/253/Handouts/Moz457_xmldesc.pdf

8. Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf 20108 Partwise vs Scorewise views  Partwise Each voice in a separate track (e.g. MuseData, Finale)  Scorewise All voices in one file (e.g. Humdrum, SCORE)

9. Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf 20109 Causality MusicXML is not a causal encoding format and commands are used to encode single parts with multiple staves or multiple voices. voice 2 Examples of causal music formats: MIDI (partwise encoding) Humdrum (scorewise encoding)

10. Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf 201010 Other XML-Based Music Formats http://www.music-notation.info/en/musixml/MusiXML.html MusiXML http://www.lib.virginia.edu/digital/resndev/mei/ Music Encoding Initiative: see: http://xml.coverpages.org/xmlMusic.html Proprietary systems (Hal Leonard, et al.)

11. Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf 201011 Music Encoding Initiative (MEI)  Partial analogue to text-encoding initiative (TEI)  Unicode complaint  Non-commercial  Attractive to librarians and musicologists  Developer = Perry Roland, Joachim Veit, Craig Sapp, Johannes Kepper, and many others  See http://www2.lib.virginia.edu/innovation/mei/http://www2.lib.virginia.edu/innovation/mei/ An Introduction to XML file structure: http://www.people.virginia.edu/~pdr4h/xmlresources/XMLstepbystep.pdf

12. Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf 201012 XML-based codes and virtual editions  Corpus Mensurabilis Musicarum (http://www.cmme.org)http://www.cmme.org (Theodor Dumitrescu, CNRS, Tours, FR) Goal: One encoding, multiple styles of notation From The Virtual Score. Used by permission.

13. Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf 201013 Predecessor Data-Interchange Formats MIDI NIFF http://www.music-notation.info/en/compmus/notationformats.html#NIFF http://www.musitek.com/midiedition.html SmartScore Available in Sibelius and Lime Notation Programs Originally the only way out of Finale’s proprietary format. not designed as a notation interchange format. see: http://www.visiv.co.uk/niff.htm

14. Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf 201014 Politics of XML  Schemes supervised by WWW consortium  WWW consortium funded by industrial members ($10,000/yr and up)  Efforts to seat an adjunct body for music rejected by WWW consortium (2005)