1. 8 Introduction to Humdrum Mus 253/CS 275A Stanford University Winter Quarter

2. Encoding systems: Goals, Means, Syntax hMIDI: SoundhEvent-based  Binary; time-ordered; var- length; score Types 0, 1] 2Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

3. Encoding systems: Goals, Means, Syntax hMIDI: Sound hSCORE: Graphics hEvent-based hObject-based  Binary; time-ordered; var- length; score Types 0, 1]  ASCII; score/spatially- ordered; var. no fields 3Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

4. Encoding systems: Goals, Means, Syntax hMIDI: Sound hSCORE: Graphics hMuseData: Core rep. hEvent-based hObject-based hEvent-based  Binary; time-ordered; var- length; score Types 0, 1]  ASCII; score/spatially- ordered; var. no fields  ASCII; fixed/expandable; part-ordered [=MIDI Type 1] 4Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

5. Encoding systems: Goals, Means, Syntax hMIDI: Sound hSCORE: Graphics hMuseData: Core rep. hMusicXML: interchange hEvent-based hObject-based hEvent-based hAttribute-based  Binary; time-ordered; var- length; score Types 0, 1]  ASCII; score/spatially- ordered; var. no fields  ASCII; fixed/expandable; part-ordered [=MIDI Type 1]  ASCII; fixed/expandable; time- or score-ordered 5Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

6. Encoding systems: Goals, Means, Syntax hMIDI: Sound hSCORE: Graphics hMuseData: Core rep. hMusicXML: interchange h**kern: Analysis data hEvent-based hObject-based hEvent-based hAttribute-based hEvent-based  Binary; time-ordered; var- length; score Types 0, 1]  ASCII; score/spatially- ordered; var. no fields  ASCII; fixed/expandable; part-ordered [=MIDI Type 1]  ASCII; fixed/expandable; time- or score-ordered  ASCII; score-ordered but no spatial information [=MIDI Type 0]; selective attribute encoding permitted 6Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

7. Humdrum: Goal and History G OAL : encoding for analysis I NVENTOR : David Huron O RIENTATION : Context-free grammar hAdaptable to many repertories hFeatures and representations can be extended hFeatures can be minimized hData content sometimes unpredictable 7Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

8. A Humdrum File h!!!OTL: Frere Jacques h!!!YEC: ESF 1999 h**kern**text h*M4/4 h*k[ ]* h!soprano!lyrics h!!First phrase h=1=1 h4cFre- h4dre h4eJac- h4cques, h=2=2 h4cFre- h4dre h4eJac- h4cques,. …………. !!Fourth phrase=7 4cDin, 4Gdon, 2cdin.=8 4cDin, 4Gdon, 2cdin.=9*- Spines 8Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

9. Elements of a **kern spine Comment records : !!! Reference records !! Global comments ! Local comments Interpretation records: ** Exclusive interpretation * Tandem interpretation *>x Form marker *- End-of-spine marker Measure markers: = Single bar-line == Double bar-line Tandem interpretations: *staff staff no. *clef clef name * key name *k[f#c#]key signature *M meter signature 9Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

10. Singer's Humdrum Explorer (Win) 10Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

11. Uses of Humdrum Bret Aarden (2000): GPS-based localization of musical features Jane Singer (2000): Melodic analysis 11Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

12. Uses…. Veltman (2002) Accent in Palestrina 12Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

13. Uses: Non-Western Music One syntax, multiple representations **kern: common Western music **koto: http://koto.sapp.org/ http://koto.sapp.org/ **bol: http://bol.sapp.org/ 13Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

14. Humdrum Operations Unix-based Unix regular expressions ( grep ) Humdrum-specific File-manipulation commands ( assemble, yank ) Sound-management tools ( record, perform ) Pitch re-identification tools ( frequency, cents ) Duration and accent tools ( beat, accent pos.) Melody tools (e.g. melodic intervals ) Harmony tools (e.g. harmonic intervals ) 14Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

15. Humdrum and other Software Kornstaedt’s scr2hmd Main aim: integrated environment for research Features: Viewer Annotator Appends placement info Sound output OS: unix, with Java GUI Kilian’s Guido to Humdrum Main aim: quick display for web pages Features: Online translator Viewer MIDI analogue OS: any 15Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

16. Kornstaedt: scr2hdm [Score to Humdrum] **kern **layout *Icor *SCORE *Itrd4c7 * =1 *clefG2 * *M4/4 * 4G 1 14 13.3602 2 10 0 1| 16 14 13.6785 17 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 13 13.2094 dolcissimo| 5 14 14.4385 10.5... 4c 1 14 19.5083 5 10 0 1 4c 1 14 25.654 5 10 0 1|5 14 27.0518 8 10 32.0118 1.348 -1 4e 1 14 31.7996 7 10 0 1|14 14 37.9542 1 =2... 16Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

17. Humdrum Resources Humdrum CCARH Portal site: http://humdrum.ccarh.org/http://humdrum.ccarh.org/ David Huron’s Humdrum Toolkit homepage: http://dactyl.som.ohio ‑ state.edu/Humdrum/index.html Command Reference Guide [= Book I of printed documentation]: http://dactyl.som.ohio ‑ state.edu/Humdrum/commands.toc.html Humdrum User Guide [=Book II of printed documentation]: http://dactyl.som.ohio ‑ state.edu/Humdrum/guide.toc.html Preliminary exercises and assignments given at OSU: http://dactyl.som.ohio ‑ state.edu/Music824/music824.index2.html 17Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field

18. Sapp Tools for Humdrum See museinfo.sapp.org http://museinfo.sapp.org/doc/examples/humdrum/ http://museinfo.sapp.org/doc/examples/midi/ http://museinfo.sapp.org/doc/examples/score/ http://museinfo.sapp.org/doc/examples/xml/ http://museinfo.sapp.org/doc/links/humdrum/ Selected subset of Sapp tools http://extras.humdrum.org/ Operating-system specific tools http://extras.humdrum.org/bin/windows/ Also Cygwin, OSX/Motorola, OSX/Intel, Linux Perry Roland’s http://www.lib.virginia.edu/artsandmedia/dmmc/Music/Humdrum/ 18Music 253 2009 Eleanor Selfridge-Field