1. Humdrum - Introduction What is Humdrum? A set of general-purpose music software tools, but free Encode, manipulate, and output a wide variety of musically-pertinent representations, created by Prof. David Huron Platform: Designed for UNIX, but cross-platform now. Humdrum Toolkit: more than 60 inter-related software tools 15% in C, 15% in kornshell, 2% in LEX lexical parser and YACC Most written in AWK (a fast prototyping language). Humdrum Syntax: ASCII (text) data Currently roughly 10,000 encoded works consistent with the Humdrum syntax -- most in the **kern representation.

2. Where to access Humdrum? Music encoded in Humdrum: CCARH CCARH (The Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities) Founded in 1984, has encoded large databases of musical score information, current Director: Walter B. Hewlett engaged in the development of large databases of musical and textual materials for applications in research, teaching, and performance. MuseData (TM) databases : represent a major resource for music research. Availability: J.S. Bach, Chorale Harmonizations J.S. Bach, Brandenburg Concertos (Bach Gesellschaft edition) Archangelo Corelli, Trio Sonatas Antonio Vivaldi, Violin Concertos (including The Four Seasons) Essen Folk melody collection (more than 6,000 European folksongs) Who is using Humdrum Classifying Musical Textures: Complexity in Hadyn String Quartets

3. Visual display Aural display Searching Counting Editing Transforming between representations Classifying, Comparison, Capturing Data … Example: Manipulation with Humdrum How many notes are there in chorale harmonization No. 179 (BWV 432) by J.S. Bach? COMMAND: census -k bwv0432 (<= filename) ANSWER: 181

4. **kern Representation General: Staff Lining:*|.||||four-line staff Staff Position:*staff1top-most staff in the system Clefs:*clefG2treble clef Key signature:[*k]*G:G Major Comments: ! Pitch Representation: Pitch:cMiddle C Octave transposition:*8vanotes sound an octave higher Representation of Duration and Accent: Meter signature:*M2/4two quarters per bar Duration[2,4,8,…] Bar Lines[=] Tempo[*MM], e.g., *MM76 Stem Direction [/, \],e.g., / = up-stem

5. **kern Example **kern *clefG2 *k[] *M2/4 8c 16c 16e = 8g 8a = Code type Treble clef Key signature Meter, two quarters per bar Do (eighth) Do (sixteenth) Mi (sixteenth) Bar line Sol (eighth) La (eighth) Bar line Sequential events Concurrent attributes

6. Extension Tools Most of the tools were written by Craig Stuart Sapp Graphical viewing Harmonic analysis Melodic analysis Rhythmic analysis Representation, Manipulation Data conversion tools Play-back/MIDI tools Non-Western music tools http://www.ccarh.org/software/humdrum/museinfo/