1. “Diesbelgate- Cargate?” Testing emissions from cars: lessons to be learned for the transport and climate debate on EU and international level Dr. Axel Friedrich Germany 'TRANSPORT POLICY AND CLIMATE AGENDA (COP 21)' Wednesday 21 st of October 2015 Brussels

2. Pollutant Concentratio n Averaging period Legal nature Permitted exceedences each year Fine particles (PM2.5) 25 µg/m3***1 year Target value entered into force 1.1.2010 Limit value enters into force 1.1.2015 n/a Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 200 µg/m31 hour Limit value entered into force 1.1.2010 18 40 µg/m31 year Limit value entered into force 1.1.2010* n/a PM1050 µg/m324 hours Limit value entered into force 1.1.2005** 35 40 µg/m31 yearLimit value entered into force 1.1.2005** n/a EU Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC

3. EU Euro 5 and Euro 6 Emission Limits for Diesel Passenger Car Source: Vicente Franco, Francisco Posada Sánchez, John German, and Peter Mock, ICCT 2014

4. On-Road NOx Emissions of Light-Duty Vehicles

5. Overview of on-road NO X and CO 2 Emission Results for all Vehicles under Test Source: Vicente Franco, Francisco Posada Sánchez, John German, and Peter Mock, ICCT 2014 Real-world NO x emissions of diesel cars in the EU found to be 7 times higher than official figures

6. Only on-road testing can help to find out about real-world emission levels On-road testing with PEMS Laboratory testing Photo sources: AVL / ERMES Vehicles on photos have nothing to do with the test results! http:// www.theicct.org/use-emissions-testing-light-duty-diesel-vehicles-us

7. axel.friedrich.berlin@gmail.com

11. EU 5 Limit This Problem Was Known in 2006 When This Data Was Presented At An EU Workshop How have specific NOx emissions of diesel passenger cars evolved in the past?

12. Diesel Car 1.6 l Euro 5

13. axel.friedrich.berlin@gmail.com