1. Nutrition Through the Life Cycle

2. General Nutritional Needs
Good nutrition:
Resists disease
Helps decrease recuperation time
Supplies energy
Exercise is important throughout the life cycle.
Proper amounts of fiber in the diet is directly linked to preventing many health problems.

3. The Life Cycle Prenatal (before birth) Infant (0-11 months)
Child (1-11 years)
Adolescent (12-20 years)
Adult (21-60 years)
Elderly (60+ years)

4. Prenatal Nutrition
The major nutrients that a mother needs during pregnancy are:
Protein (helps build baby’s body tissue)
Iron (helps with blood supply)
Calcium (helps with bone growth and health)
Folic Acid (helps prevent Spina Bifida)
Pregnant women need folic acid within the first 28 days to help prevent neural tube defects, such as spina bifida.
Excellent food sources include: high protein foods such as fish, poultry, meat, eggs, beans, enriched breads and cereals, fruits, and dark green vegetables.

5. Infant Nutrition NO!! Why not?
Feeding Newborns:
Two choices for feeding newborn infants: breast-feeding and bottle feeding.
After the first four months, the baby will be ready for “solid” food.
Can you give a baby honey?
NO!!
Why not?
Botulism! Spores grow in their digestive tracts
Can be fatal

6. Child Nutrition

7. Childhood Nutrition 1 T of food for each year of the child’s life.
Kids have small stomachs! They will need snacks to maintain their energy throughout the day.
Nutrient dense snack ideas: juice, yogurt, milk, fruit, vegetables, cooked meat, unsweetened cereal, whole grain crackers.

8. Childhood Nutrition Grains: 6 oz everyday, half being whole grains
Follow the MyPlate Guidelines for Kids (Based on ages 6-11). It states that every child needs:
Grains: 6 oz everyday, half being whole grains
Vegetables: 2 ½ cups everyday
Fruits: 1 ½ cups everyday
Milk: 2 ½ cups everyday
Protein: 5 oz everyday

9. Early Childhood Nutrition
Serve foods that vary in color, texture, shape, size, and temperature.
Eat meals with children. Be a role-model for good eating habits and behavior.
Avoid using food as a reward or punishment.
Don’t encourage children to become members of the “clean your plate society.”
When possible, let children choose what foods they want to eat for some meals.

10. Early Childhood Nutrition
Teach children how to prepare nutrient-rich foods by and for themselves.
Introduce foods one at a time, not all at once.
Remember: Children’s taste-buds are very sensitive!

11. Child’s Meal Plan

12. Teen Nutrition Adolescents need extra nutrients to support growth
Goal: Follow MyPlate Guidelines
Dairy: 3 C per day
Protein: 5-6 oz per day
Grains: 6-8 oz per day
Vegetables: 2 ½ - 3 C per day
Fruits: 1 ½ - 2 C per day
Two biggest nutrition problems:
Obesity
Eating disorders (Anorexia, Bulimia)

13. 3 Keys to Healthy Eating
VARIETY
MODERATION
BALANCE

14. Iron Teen Females need 15 mg/day Teen Males need 12 mg/day
Good sources:
Meat, poultry, fish, cereal, beans, green leafy vegetables

15. Special Nutritional Concerns Eating Disorders
Eating disorders involve physiological changes associated with food.
Anorexia Nervosa: psychological loss or denial of appetite and self-starvation
Bulimia Nervosa: large quantities of food are eaten at one time (binging) and then purged from the body by vomiting or use of laxatives

16. Outward Signs of Eating Disorders
Preoccupation with food
Person becomes irritable and hostile
Person refuses to eat or eats very little
Person is excessively critical of themselves
Person looks emaciated
Hair loss
Bruising
Dental decay
Lanugo

17. Physical Effects of Eating Disorders
Lowered body temperature
Metabolism slows down
Decreased heart rate
Iron-deficiency anemia
Rough, dry, scaly and cold skin
Low blood potassium
Decreased bone mass (osteoporosis) and muscle mass
Possible loss of teeth
Muscle tears and fractures in athletes

18. How can you help a friend?
Be sensitive
Let them know that you are there to help and to be a friend.
Talk to a trusted adult to set up appointments for professional help
The most important thing you can do is be a support for your friend. Let them know that you are there for them no matter what.

19. You are Special
video

20. Healthy Snacks!

21. Adults
Metabolism slows down; in general, total food intake need to be reduced.
Metabolism: chemical process in the body that provides energy in useful forms to sustain vital activities.
Exercise is an important component to balancing calories.
Sedentary lifestyle creates a greater need for daily exercise.

22. Adults and MyPlate Fruit: 1 ½ - 2 C per day
Vegetables: 2 ½ - 3 C per day
Grains: 6-7 oz per day
Protein: 5-6 oz per day
Dairy: 3 C per day

23. Feel Better Today, Stay Healthy for Tomorrow!
Make smart choices from every food group.
Find your balance between food and physical activity.
Get the most nutrition out of your calorieseat nutrient dense foods.

24. Exercise Plan for an Adult!

25. The Aging and the Elderly
Use less energy, need fewer calories
Still need same amount of nutrients!
Nutrient dense foods are important.
Taste sensations and smells are less sensitive.

26. Elderly Diet Video

27. The Aging and the Elderly
Various physical and mental challenges may limit ability to purchase and prepare foods.
Malnutrition is a concern, especially for those who live alone.
Many health concerns related to aging affect eating habits and food choices.

28. MyPlate for the Elderly
Fruit: 1 ½ - 2 C per day
Vegetables: 2-2 ½ C per day
Grain: 5-6 oz per day
Protein: 5-5 ½ oz per day
Dairy: 3 C per day

29. Tips to Improve Nutrition
Buy frozen dinners or pre-cooked food
“Eat out” at a senior center
Share shopping and cooking duties with a friend or neighbor
Eat food that is soft, chop/grind food
Add gravy or sauce to make it moist
Thick soup, fruit smoothies, milkshakes, and hot cereals are good choices

30. Elderly meal plan