1. Describe Europe Empires that became Kingdoms after the Fall of Rome. Many rivers traverse throughout Europe Peninsulas around the Mediterranean Sea Diverse people and land

2. Describe Italy Is Mountainous, Rome was built on 7 hills, is on the Italian Peninsula Had city-states Mountains isolated the areas where people could build city-states Built around the Mediterranean Sea – good for trade Began as a dot on the map – expanded to a great Empire covering 3 continents. Had great army, good at adaptation and conquering other lands. Once Polytheistic, became center of Catholic Church.

3. Describe Types of Government Monarchy: Rule by a King/Queen Dictatorship: Rule by one Oligarchy: Rule by a few Tyranny: Harsh rule by one person with absolute power Democracy: Rule by the People, voting, Elect Leaders

4. Describe Greece Geography of Greece is Mountainous, Rocky, Short Rivers and is on a Peninsula; had city-states – due to mountains isolating the communities. Built on the Mediterranean Sea – good for trade. Known for Mythology, Democracy and great location for climate. Had Mythology, Philosophy, and ideas about Government

5. Greeks gave us: Democracy, Architecture, Government, Philosophy, Literature, the Olympics, citizens can rule themselves, rights for everyone, Greek Mythology, Theatre!!! Alexander The Great spread Greek culture even though he was not Greek – he was Macedonian. Fables were created during this period. Taught lessons of moral value. These ideas all came from the Greeks! Thanks!

6. Rome gave us: The Senate, aqueducts, Roads, Numbering systems, Great Emperors, A great Empire that lasted for 1000 years. Pax Romana – Peace in Rome for 200 years, An Empire that covered 3 Continents!!! art, architecture, naming planets, calendar, bridges, Renaissance in Art, music, electing our own officials, building a Republic! The Crusades and cultural diffusion from the Middle East as they attacked Muslims for Jerusalem. Power of the Catholic Church, Pope, All came from the Romans Thanks!

7. The Magna Carta: Limited the Power of King John who was a terrible king. He took land from people, raised taxes and did other things to his subjects like throwing them in jail if they didn’t do what he said or for disagreeing with him. But the Magna Carta stopped him from doing too much damage. It also gave citizens rights that would wind up in the Bill of Rights in England and in the US. This is where we get our 1 st 10 Amendments of the Constitution – or our Bill of Rights here in the US

8. Medieval Manors: Castle, land around it, King and noblemen and knights owned the land and the Knights protected the land. Serfs did all the work and produced the food for everyone. Serfs belonged to the land. The Pope was at the top – in charge of the Manor and all the people in it. The King had less power than the Pope.

9. Crusades gave us: Interaction with the Muslim /Arab world, cultural diffusion Trade with other countries far from Italy Advancements in technology in Europe Serfs got off the land Crusades caused Feudalism to fail Crusaders came back with riches and new ideas Opened markets in Europe and developed trade Inventions created here lead to the industrial expansion

10. Renaissance: Rebirth of Ancient Greece and Rome – rebuilt the Classical Period. Brought back art, architecture, science, education. Some of the most beautiful pieces of art are produced during this time period. Realism is present in paintings and sculptures during this period. People thrive and education is a key factor in the rebirth of greatness during this period.

11. Industrial Revolution Out of Renaissance and because of inventions of people like da Vinci, this period is known for mechanization! Coal and iron are present in England and this helps to mechanize Britain and make her rich. Inventions like the sewing machine, railroads, steam engine make this period the most productive and profitable. Children work 18-20 hours and there are no child labor laws to protect them. There were many children put to work for little pay. Women will be introduced into the work force as well and this changes the social structure of the family.

12. Change in Modern Europe Cottage industry is replaced by Factories Social Structure of the family is changed – people work outside the home Goods are produced in mass – marketing to far off nations Europe wants to trade with other nations and with railroads and riverboats, this becomes possible to expand trade Fewer people are needed to work the farms with the invention of the tractor and plow People move to cities to work, factories are expanded – competition begins