2. November 16, 2006 Get out homework worksheet test signed Notes Foundations of Government

3. Chapter 4 Foundations of our Government

4. Virginia House of Burgesses 1619 First legislature in colonies Legislature is a group of people chosen to make the laws Started the process of electing representatives in our government.

5. Charter The king living in England established a colony through a Charter. A document giving permission to create a government This is how the colonies were created.

6. Rhode Island 1636 Roger Williams creates Rhode Island in 1636. He’s kicked out of Puritan Massachusetts because he spoke out against the church leaders. He founded Rhode Island and said no one would be punished for differences in opinions of matters of religion. This is the beginning of the idea of freedom. The Freedom of Religion.

7. Harvard Created in 1636 Oldest college in United States Created to educate our leaders in political thought Our civic responsibility Led the way for other colleges

8. Zenger Trial 1735 Peter Zenger editor of New York Weekly Journal prints articles accusing NY governor of abusing his power Governor gets angry and throws Zenger in jail The case goes to court and Zenger is founded NOT GULITY for what he printed about the governor. Leads to our freedom of speech and press.

9. Roots of American Government Direct Democracy (Ancient Athens) –Form of gov’t in which laws are made directly by the citizens Republic (Ancient Romans) –A gov’t in which representative were elected to make laws

10. Magna Carta In England monarchs had complete rule of their subjects or the people living under their power In 1215 a group of nobles challenged the royal power and had the Magna Carta signed. This document took power from the monarch and gave to the his nobles. Now some basic freedoms had been given to the people.

11. English Bill of Rights Now that the monarchs powers were limited the people wanted more freedom. English Bill of Rights listed the rights of all English citizens. Today we see these rights in our Constitution. Everyone even government leaders must obey the laws The basic tenets of the Bill of Rights were: Englishmen possessed certain civil and political rights that could not be taken away. These included: freedom from royal interference with the law freedom from taxation by royal prerogative, without agreement by Parliamenttaxation freedom to petition the king freedom to bear arms for self- defence freedom to elect members of Parliament the freedom of speech in Parliament freedom from cruel and unusual punishments freedom from fines and forfeitures without trial

12. John Locke Englishman that argued a representative government was the only reasonable kind Government exists for the people not the people for the government According to Locke the purpose of government is to protect your NATURAL RIGHTS The rights you are born with… Life, liberty and property

13. Montesquieu Frenchman/writer The colonists afraid that all the power in one persons hands would lead to tyranny they liked his ideas: Separation of Powers Dividing the government up among the branches of government: Legislative: makes law, Judicial: interpret laws Executive: enforce laws We have this in our government today

14. No Taxation Without Representation Parliament (English government) was taxing the colonies even though they did not have a representative in English government. This was not fair. So colonies decide to rebel example: Boston Tea Party and other protests Today we have representatives we voted for to make decisions

15. Committees Of Correspondence Organizational effort created between the colonies to pass information onto one another. A way to communicate with each other. (no internet, cell phones, telephones) Today we set up committees to get things resolved.

16. First Continental Congress 12 delegates from the 13 colonies organized themselves at a meeting in Philadelphia 1774 Colonial delegates wanted England to respect their rights. To pressure England the colonist started to protest by cutting off all trade with England. (Cutting all MONEY coming into England) Will meet in a year

17. Second Continental Congress After that one year the Congress reconvened in Philadelphia. This time they were fed up with England and decide to become an independent nation. At this meeting in 1775, the Congress decide to break free from England. Here they created the Declaration of Independence.

18. Common Sense Common Sense is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. He wrote this paper to educate and encourage people about becoming independent from England. Many people did not want to leave the security that England offered. Today we use commercials, bumper stickers to encourage people to think another way.

19. Declaration of Independence 1776 Delegates from 2 nd CC decided to vote for independence. A committee was created to write the document: Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin and John Adams If this document was not created we would be speaking with an English accent today.

20. Mayflower Compact 1620 A document signed by all members of the Mayflower. It stated all the rules and regulations EVERY person would have to obey. The Pilgrims realized that they would need an agreement for the welfare of the group. The first written Constitution in US history.

21. Articles of Confederation ratified 1781 One of the first organized governments in the colonies. National legislature is created Congress created-given some power Each state gets one vote No executive branch No judicial branch TOO WEAK NO POWER

22. Homework Identify the cause and effect of Magna Carta English Bill of Rights John Locke Montesquieu No Taxation Without Representation First and Second CC D of I Mayflower Compact Aof C